Exam 2 (Chapter 13:Middle Childhood Psychosocial development)

Question 1

What are the two psychosocial theories that dominate this period?

Answer 1

1. freud: latency period
2. Erikson: industry v. inferiority period

Question 1

review: what is the industry v. inferiority period?

Answer 1

(ages 6-11)
-kids want to do things on their own and display competence (especially things that are deemed valuable in their culture)

ex. they want to clean up the house for mom on their own or they want to cook mom breakfast in bed on their own or mothers day

if they are prevented from doing these things they will begin to feel inferior

Question 2

children in the industry v. inferiority stage are constantly receiving feedback from…

Answer 2

• parents
• teachers
• peers

Question 3

why do children often have limited self worth during middle childhood?

Answer 3

-they are getting into school and beginning to compare themselves to others

Question 4

how can parents and caregivers try to boost self worth during middle childhood?

Answer 4

-parents can emphasize that some kids are differently abled and just because one person can do one thing doesnt mean that you are bad because you cant do that thing
-teachers can focus on group work and team efforts or limit competition between students
-parents and teachers both need to praise effort rather than performance

Question 5

how do children choose friends during early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence?

Answer 5

1. in early childhood children choose friends based on proximity (you and ella hill)
2. in middle childhood children choose friends based on common interests (you and reagan)
3. in adolescents children choose friends based on internal characteristics and personality (Jane)

Question 6

what is the gender cleavage

Answer 6

presented by Maccoby

the idea that social difference between the genders tends to increase as we age

the tendency for each gender to associate with their own gender

Question 7

what are the two reasons Maccoby proposes for the gender cleavage?

Answer 7

a. boys and girls have different styles of interacting with their peers.
-boys are more aggressive and crude in their interactions with friends.

b. communication differences
-girls tend to be more collaborative, they don’t interrupt as much, and they tend to agree more, whereas boys may seem to work alone more and are not judged for playing devils advocate

Question 8

what is coping?

Answer 8

the responses we make in order to master, tolerate or reduce stress

Question 9

what are the two main ways of coping, and which one gets used more as children age?

Answer 9

1. problem focused coping:
   involves coping that changes the troubling situation
2. emotion focused coping:
   involves changing ones appraisal/view of the situation, which in turn changes emotion

as children get older they will begin to use more problem focused coping as their problem solving skills improve

Question 10

why is the limited self worth children experience in middle childhood an example of the cognitive meeting the psychosocial domain?

Answer 10

children begin to use their cognition to realize that they do not measure up to other kids their age, and in turn if leads them into the negative part of the psychosocial stage and gives them self consciousness and other emotions

Question 11

divorce:

Answer 11

often encountered in middle childhood

-custody is most often awarded to the mother
-the burdens of care are higher for both parents after divorce
-the standard of living decreases by 73% for single mothers, and increases by 42% for single fathers