Exam 3 (Chapter 15) book

Question 1

what are the two modes adolescent thought can be understood through?

Answer 1

1. emotional self absorption
2. rational external awareness

Question 2

what are some reasons adolescents are egocentric?

Answer 2

1. body changes make them self conscious
2. they grapple with feelings about adults and peers
3. they examine details about their own changing body
4. think deeply but unrealistically about their future

Question 3

what is rumination?

Answer 3

-thinking obsessively about self-focused concerns
-going over every single little detail of a problem to many people, self, etc. Always thinking about what should’ve been done or what ifs.
-a reason for adolescent egocentrism

Question 4

example of adolescent egocentrism

Answer 4

what teens post on social media. They expect their peers to understand, laugh, admire, or sympathize with what they’re posting. Their imaginary audience does not include parents, college admission officers, or future employers

Question 5

formal operational thought

Answer 5

adolescents are able to consider abstractions including making assumptions that do not have a necessary relation to reality

Question 6

what are three examples of formal operational thinking in adolescent schooling?

Answer 6

1. math- younger children multiple real numbers, but adolescents multiply unreal numbers (ie2x)
2. social studies- yunger children study other cultures by considering concrete practices of daily life. Adolescents discuss how GDP and Fertility rates affect global politics
3. science- younger children grow carrots and feed gerbils, adolescents study invisible particles and distant galaxies

Question 7

piagets experiments

Answer 7

how to balance a scale?

3-5 year olds cannot understand how to balance the scale

by age 7 children understood the goal and simply put identical weights on each side w/out considering the distance from center

by age 10 children experimented using trial and error not logic

finally by about 13 or 14 some children hypothesized about reciprocity, realizing that a heavy weight close to the center can be couterbalanced with a light weight far away

Question 8

what is the hallmark of the formal operational period?

Answer 8

the capacity to think of possibility not just here and now

can consider:
“here and now”
“then and there”
“long long ago”
“not yet”
“never”

Question 9

adolescents are primed for what kind of thought?

Answer 9

hypothetical thought

reasoning about id then propositions

Question 10

by age 14 or so adolescents become more capable of what kind of reasoning>

Answer 10

deductive reasoning (top down reasoning)

begins with an idea or premise then uses logic to draw conclusions

Question 11

what kind of reasoning dominantes concrete operational thought?

Answer 11

inductive reasoning

kids accumulate facts and experiences but they ignore the premise

Question 12

what is a reason adolescents are so critical

Answer 12

they have developed hypothetical thought and thus criticize what is because they can think about what might be

Question 13

what is dual processing?

Answer 13

the notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional processing of stimuli, and one for analytical reasoning
(system 1 v. system 2)

ex.) hot v. cold, implicit v. explicit, creative v. factual, intuitive analytic

Question 14

what is intuitive thought?

Answer 14

(part of dual processing)
begins with a belief, assumption or general rule rather than logic. Quick and powerful and “feels right”

Question 15

what is analytic thought?

Answer 15

the formal, logical, hypothetical-deductive thinking described by piaget. Involves the rational analysis of many factors whose interactions must be calculated as in the scale balancing problem

Question 16

why do adolescents choose not to use their logical reasoning abilities?

Answer 16

-logic is more difficult than intuition and can create uncomfortable thought and emotions
-longitudinal thinking is harder in adolescence

Question 17

what is the most potent influence on education?

Answer 17

direct and personal interaction with teachers

Question 18

relationship between puberty and academics

Answer 18

-causes disengagement as a sexual awakening causes fantasies or actual contact that takes concentration from school

-adolescents seek peer acclaim which can influence people to pretend to be dumb

-competitive sports teams

-separation into honors and non-honors classes

Question 19

what is the stereotype threat?

Answer 19

when someone imagines someone else has a stereotype about them, that idea can hijack their mind