Chapter 16: Adolescent Psychosocial development

Question 1

eriksons stage during adolescence

Answer 1

identity v. role confusion (diffusion)

-trying to define yourself as a unique person
(sexual/gender identity, racial, sister, major, hobbies, political orientation

Question 2

what are the stages of identity status?

Answer 2

1. identity achievement
2. Foreclosure
   3 Negative Identity
3. identity diffusion
4. moratorium

Question 3

what is identity achievement?

Answer 3

when an adolescent achieves a sense of who they are as a unique individual

attitude towards parents: loving and treat parents with more concern and as their equals

Question 4

what is foreclosure?

Answer 4

premature identity formation
(ex. going to lawschool just because their parent was an attorney)

attitude towards parents: loving, but evidences more respect and deference

Question 5

what is negative identity?

Answer 5

when roles that are expected are unatttainable or unappealing, so identity is opposite of the one expected
(ex. preachers kids)

attitudes towards parents: most likely conflictual

Question 6

what is identity diffusion?

Answer 6

few commitments to goals or values and fairly apathetic

attitudes towards parents: withdrawn

Question 7

what is moratorium?

Answer 7

the time out during which an adolescent experiments with an alternative identity without settling on one

attitude towards parents: not withdrawn but more independent

Question 8

what is the sequence of racial identity development?

Answer 8

1. age 3:
   can correctly identify racial differences
2. age 4:
   dominant group can reveal ingroup bias
3. age 5:
   kids start to demonstrate strong in group cohesion and they stick with their own
4. age 8:
   kids can label oneself as a racial or ethnic group

Question 9

what are questions to think about when watching the truth about hate video?

Answer 9

-how does prejudice/bias/hatred develop?
-what are everyday or more subtle forms of bias?
-what are the sources of messages?
-why do some people grow up with extreme hatred and others do not
-what are some factors that help to decrease prejudice/hatred

Question 10

the role of peer is especially ___ in adolescence

Answer 10

important

Question 11

what is the relative influence of family/parents in adolescence?

Answer 11

-finances
-education
-career plans

Question 12

what is the relative influence of a peer group in adolescence?

Answer 12

-dress
-personal adornment (piercing/tattoo)
-dating
-drinking and drugs
-music
-entertainment

Question 13

overview of adolescent suicide

Answer 13

-3rd leading cause of death for adolescents 15 to 19
-incidence 11:100000 for adolescents
-previous attemtps are the biggest warning sign for ‘successful’ suicide

Question 14

for every 100,000 attempted suicides, how many actually occur?

Answer 14

2,000

Question 15

what are the warning signs of suicide?

Answer 15

1. sudden decline in school attendance and achievement
   2.break in love relationship
2. withdrawal from social relationships
3. attempted suicide
4. cluster suicide (13 reasons why)

Question 16

overview of delinquency and antisocial behavior

Answer 16

1. person is more likely to be arrested at age 16 than any other age
2. 47% of arrests for serious crimes (murder, assault, and robbery) involve youths under 21
3. African American males are 14 times as likely to be murdered
4. youth under 18 years old account for 10 percent of the population, but
   -20% of all violent crimes
   -44% of all serious crime arrests
   -23%of all violent crime victims

Question 17

what is the most commonly abused drug in adolescence?

Answer 17

alcohol

Question 18

what percentage of 8th graders acknowledge using alcohol? What percentage of seniors?

Answer 18

33% of 8th graders
70% of seniors

Question 19

in colleges binge drinking is common in what percentage of students?

Answer 19

more than 50 percent

Question 20

what counts as binge drinking for men, women?

Answer 20

men- 5 or more drinks
women- 4 or more drinks

Question 21

binge drinkers are 7 to 10x more likely to…

Answer 21

a. have unprotected sex
b. engage in unplanned sex
c. get in trouble with police
d. damage property (ie centre light posts)
e. become hurt or injured (pedestrians)a

Question 22

alcohol is implicated in…

Answer 22

1. 90% of campus rapes
2. 60% of females with STIs

Question 23

what are the adverse physical effects of steroids?

Answer 23

-increased blood pressure
-breast development in men
-masculinization in women
-sterilization in men
-acne
-stunted growth

Question 24

what are the adverse psychological effects of steroids?

Answer 24

-extreme and intense anger (roid rage)