Exam 1 Chapters 6&7 Flashcards
General things involved in cognition?
learning, speech, thought process, memory, etc.
can newborns learn?
sameroff and decapser on moodle
Yes, Sameroff found in his experiment that infants could adapt their sucking techniques depending on which one they learned gave them food
results suggest that newborns can begin to learn from 2 to 5 days old in full term infants
experiment: group 1: milk thru expression, Group 2: milk thru suction
what was DeCaspers experiments, results, and what does it tell us about newborn/natal learning?
Experimented with mothers reading to their babies in Utero and their responses to that after birth,, found that infants preferred nipples that played the story their mothers had read to them in the womb over the voice of another random woman
also found that newborns preferred the Nipple that played the Dr. Seuss book their mothers had read to them pre birth over a book read by their mothers of a different meter
indicates that this learnin gmay be imapcted by auditory experiences from the womb
what are critiques to saying newborns can learn?
there is a fine line to assuming how much newborns can learn, we may be giving them too much credit as there are some things that they may just be predispoed to developing that we may be attributing to learning
Piagets Sensorimotor Period
(Part of the Cognitive theory)
birth- 2 years
6 stages
Characteristics:
a.) coordination of sense and motor skills
b.) initially know the world through their perception
c.) object permanence
stage one of the sensorimotor period
(birth to 1 months)
* *reflexes: *sucking, grasping, staring, listening
vid of reflexes on moodle
example: sucking anything thast touches the lips or cheek
what are primary circular reactions?
Meaning the action has no real beginning or end, each action leads to the next and then loops back,, occurs within the infant
what stages of the sensorimotor period focus on Primary Circular reactions?
stages 1 & 2
stage two of the sensorimotor period
(1-4 months)
* the first acquired adaptations: accomodation and coodination of reflexes
ex.) sucking a pacifier differently from a nipple
what stages of the sensorimotor period involve Secondary circular reactions?
stages 3 &4
stage 3 of the sensorimotor period
(4-8 months)
*making interesting sights last
*begin responding to people and objects
ex.) clapping hands when a caregiver says “patty-cake”
what are secondary circular reactions?
These reactions extend beyond the infants body and the circular reactions occurs between the baby and something else
stage 4 of the sensorimotor period
(8-12 months)
*new adaptation and anticipation
becoming more deliberate and purposeful in responding to people and objects
example: putting the caregivers hands together in order to make them start playing patty cake
what stages of the sensorimotor period invole tertiary circular reactions?
stages 5&6
what are tertiary circular reactions
begin when 1 year olds begin to take independent action to discover the properties of other people, animals, and objects.
They no longer respond only to their own bodies,(primary) or other people (secondary), their thought process becomes more of a spiral than a circle,they want to know cause and effect and will repeat actions as well
stage 5 of the sensorimotor period
(12-18 months)
new means through active experimentation
experimentation and creativity in the actions of the “little scientist”
ex.) putting a teddy bear in the toilet and then flushing it
stage 6 of the sensorimotor period
(18-24 months_
new means through mental combinations:
thinking before doing, new ways of achieveing a goal without resorting to trial and error
ex.) before flushing the teddy bear down the toilet again, hesitating bc of the memory of the toilet overflowing and parents anger.
describe the coodination of sense and motor skills as a characteristic of the sensorimotor period
-the integrtion of moto and sensory inputs (perceptions)
ex.) hand eye or foot eye
depth perception
- visual cliff
what is the visual cliff?
a test of babies depth perception, where babies are placed on a table with a plexiglass overhang, babies with depth perception understand if they go of the “edge” they will fall and get hurt
develops around 6-14 months
describe the “initially knowing the world through their own perspective”
portion of the sensorimotor period
initially babies only know the world through their own perceptipon,, and that mental piture disappears when sensory input ceases (lack of object permanence)
object permanence develops with the assitance of motor ability bc once an infant has motor ability they can search for things
what is the hallmark of the sensorimotor period?
object permanence
what is object permanence
when an infant can begin to view the world as a permanent objects, just bc things are out of sight does not mean they are gone forever,, they are then able to think about what they can’t see
piaget posited this developes from 6-9 months,, but current research suggests it may develop as early as 2- 3 months
in chapter 6,
what are the key concepts of Cognitive Development in the 1st two years
- learning
- piagets sensorimotor period
- continuity of cognitive development
- functional importance of language
- two opposing views
- theories of language development
- language development
continuity of cognitive development
old view v. contemporary view
old view: little continuity (childhood is seperate from adulthood)
contemp. view: moderate continuity
