Exam 2: Chapter 10 (book) Flashcards

Question

what engages in a childs brain when they participate in rough and tumble play?

Answer 1

their limbic system connects with the prefrontal cortex

Answer 2

play in which children act out various roles and plots

Answer 3

intrinsic motivation within each child

Answer 4

-explore and rehearse social roles -explain their ideas and persuade playmates -regulate emotions by pretending to be afraid, angry, brave, and so on -develop self-concept in a nonthreatening context

Answer 5

an adult joins in

Answer 6

-obesity -emotional immaturity -slower language development

Answer 7

no more than 1 hour per day

Answer 8

1. authoritarian 2. permissive 3. authoritative 4. neglectful/uninvolved (not from Baumrind)

Answer 9

-expressions of warmth (affectionate vs. cold and critical) -strategies for discipline (how they explain, criticize, persuade, and punish) -expectations for maturity (expectations for responsibility and self control) -communication patterns (listenign patiently v. demanding silence)

Answer 10

the parents word is law and not to be questioned. Misconduct brings strict punishment (usually physical). Parents set clear rules and high standards, Discussing emotions is rare.

Answer 11

parents make few demands and their discipline is lax. Expectations are low ex.) a child might yell "I hate you" to their parent and the parent would respond with silence or an "I love you"

Answer 12

parents set limits, but they are flexible. They consider themselves guides not authorities but also not friends.

Answer 13

parents do not know or care what their children do unless it impacts them. or, they may lack the capacity to be involved. Ie.) depression or substance use disorder. Their childrens actions may seem like those of permissive parents, but neglectful parents are unconcerned, whereas permissive parents care very much

Answer 14

-low warmth -strict and physical discipline -high expectations of maturity -high parent to child communication -low child to parent communication

Answer 15

-high warmth -rare discipline - low expectations of maturity -low parent to child communication -high child to parent communication (basically the exact opposite of authoritarian)

Answer 16

-high warmth -discipline is moderate and with much discussion -moderate expectations of maturity -high parent to child communication -high child to parent communication

Answer 17

-low love -erratic discipline -low expectations of maturity -low parent to child comm. -low child to parent comm.

Answer 18

these parents tend to raise children who become conscientiousness, obedient, and quiet but not especially happy. They may also feel guilty or depressed, internalizing their frustrations and blaming themselves when things don' t go well. As adolescents, they may rebel, leaving home before 20. As adults, they are quick to blame and punish such as their parents did to them

Answer 19

these parents tend to raise children who lack self control. Inadequate emotion regulation makes them immature and impedes friendships so they are unhappy. As adults, they may still depend on their parents, perhaps even living with them

Answer 20

typically raise children who are successful, articulate, happy with themselves, and generous with others. These children are usually liked by teachers and peer especially in cultures that value individual initiative

Answer 21

tend to raise children who are immature, sad, lonely, with high rates of lifelong injury and abuse.

Answer 22

authoritarian, strict rules and intense punishment avoids the stress and chaos that occurs if the parents are permissive

Answer 23

slapped, spanked, and beaten

Answer 24

corporal punishment

Answer 25

without the restraints of social support, anger can lead to impulsive action, making isolated adults more likely to lash out

Answer 26

creates quiet children who become disobedient later on and more likely to become child bullies, adolescent delinquents, and abusive adults

Answer 27

self control, less aggressive adults

Answer 28

psychological control (has it's own problems) time out induction

Answer 29

aka withdrawal of love using childrens shame, guilt and gratitude to control their behavior (has it's own problems0

Answer 30

reduction in the childs autonomy and self confidence psychological control may prove to satisfy the needs of the parents rather than the children

Answer 31

requires a child to sit quietly, without toys of playmates, for a short time. Should not be done in anger or for too long. shown to stop behavior when preschool children were showing aggressive or destructive behavior believed to help the development of emotion regulation

Answer 32

parents discuss the infraction with their child hoping the children themselves will realize why their behavior was wrong. takes a lot of time and patience

Answer 33

children can be egocentric, and so itis hard for them to understand they may have caused a problem for someone else because they are so wrapped up in their own perspective.

Answer 34

compassion and prosocial behavior

Answer 35

helpfulness and kindness without any obvious personal benefit ex.) expressing concern, offering to share, and including a shy child in a game.

Answer 36

opposite of prosocial behavior,, intentionally hurting others

Answer 37

parents who help their children understand their own emotions and NOT parents who tell their children emotions other may have ex.) how would you feel if...

Answer 38

when children express a strong dislike for some people is apparent by early childhood

Answer 39

antisocial actions like verbal insults, social exclusion, and physical assaults.

Answer 40

-aggressive behavior and victimization the child first focuses on the effects of actions and not motives (ex. a child who accidentally spills water over anothers painting, may become the target of that childs anger

Answer 41

-instrumental aggression -reactive aggression -relational aggression -bullying aggression

Answer 42

hurtful behavior that is aimed at gaining something that someone else has apparent from age 2-6, involves objects more than people, quite normal, more egocentric than antisocial

Answer 43

an impulsive retaliation for a hurt (intentional or accidental) that can be verbal of physical indicates a lack of emotion regulation, characteristic of 2 yr olds. A 5 yr old can usually stop and think before reacting

Answer 44

nonphysical acts, such as insults or social rejection, aimed at harming the social connections between the victim and others involves a personal attack and is thus directly antisocial, can be very hurtful, more common as children become socially aware

Answer 45

unprovoked, repeated physica or verbal attack, especially on victims who are unlikely to defend themselves in both bullies and victims, a sign of poor emotion regulation, adults should intervene before the school years

Answer 46

a sex trait is a physiological trait whereas a gender difference is social/cultural

Answer 47

phallic stage (ages 3-6) -boys become aware of their penis, they masturbate, fear castration, and develop sexual feeling towars their mother

Answer 48

an idea developed by freud that every young boy is jealous of his father because he is with his mother, and thus wants to replace him according to freud these wishes make young boys feel guilty and causes them to develop the superego

Answer 49

they are all learned as a result of reinforcement, punishment, and social learning

Answer 50

there is reinforcement for distinct male and female actions. Ex.) if a boy is to bring his barbie to school he will be punished through words and social exclusion

Answer 51

social learning theory posits that children learn from those around them who they see as nurturing, powerful, etc. and adults at the parenting stage of their life are the most gender typed they will probably every be, therefore kids also become gender typed bc they learn from their parents

Answer 52

a schema children develop that consists of their own concept of male-female differences

Answer 53

differing cultures have their own types of gender roles and distinctions cultures also socialize young girls and boys differently

Answer 54

posits that developing gender differences helps attract the opposite gender and thus encourages mating