Exam 2: Chapter 8 (Early Childhood and Biosocial Development

Question 1

what characterizes the early childhood (preschool age,, ages 2-6) changes to size and shape?

Answer 1

-general childhood growth
-differences and similarities between the sexes
-significant growth spurts

Question 2

childhood growth from the ages of 2-6 is characterized by…

Answer 2

-change from chub to muscle and bone
-average weight gain of 4.5 pounds
-average height gain of 3 inches (per year)

Question 3

how tall is, and how much does a 6 yo weigh?

Answer 3

45 lbs
42 inches tall

Question 4

what are the differences and similarities between the sexes?

Answer 4

1. boys are taller at birth
2. during early childhood the sexes are proportionally the same
3. maturation occurs earlier in girls
4. girls weigh more initially

Question 5

why do girls initially weigh more than boys?

Answer 5

in childhood especially society encourages girls to participate in more sedentary and calm activities as opposed to boys

Question 6

what are the significant growth spurts in a childs life?

Answer 6

1. infancy (0-2)
2. adolescence
3. in between

the in between growth spurts are slower and more continuous

Question 7

important characteristics of neurological maturations and brain development in early childhood:

Answer 7

a. important ages
b. myelination
c. brain divided

Question 8

what are the important ages for brain maturation and growth

Answer 8

Age 5- brain is at 90% of it’s adult weight
Age 7- brain is at 100% of its adult weight
-at age 7 very important cognitive and motor development occur

Question 9

what is myelination?

Answer 9

brain growth and maturation that results in an increase in the speed of neurological signals and a decrease in interference

-helps: attention, focus, vision, and helps to screen out distractions

Question 10

the brain is connected by the…

Answer 10

corpus callosum

Question 11

the corpus callosum has its own growth spurt at age

Answer 11

5

Question 12

what does the corpus callosum do?

Answer 12

coordinates both halves of the body

Question 13

what is the left hemisphere of the brain responsible for, and when does it have it’s growth spurt?

Answer 13

responsible for:
-language
-logic
-linear sequential thinking

has growth spurt at age 2
(sensorimotor pd)

Question 14

what is the right hemisphere of the brain responsible for, and when does it have it’s growth spurt?

Answer 14

responsibility:
-visual control & spatial tracking
-intuition and emotion
-creativity, imagination, and artistic ability

has growth spurt at age 4/5

Question 15

how many words per fay can kids learn?

Answer 15

in the book :)

Question 16

eye muscle coordination

Answer 16

involved in the “brain divided” concept

allows for visual tracking

pretty well underway by 5/6 years old (school time) which allows for improvement in visual tracking and hand eye coordination

Question 17

what is the activity level of kids related to age progression? (emphasis on early childhood 2-6)

Answer 17

ages 2-3- the most active period of life
ages 3-6- more moderate activity
ages 6-9-lover activity

why does activity continue to fall off?
-school, kids become more sedentary and are less physically active q

Question 18

what are the main contributors to avoidable injuries related to death (aka accidents)

Answer 18

-gender (boys get hurt more than girls)
-Socio-economic Status (lack of resources for prevention, divided attention)
-

Question 19

rates of avoidable injuries decrease with…

Answer 19

age

the older kids get the more logic and reasoning they have to prevent the injuries themselves

Question 20

what are the leading accidents/injuries resulting in death?

Answer 20

1. motor vehicles
   2.poisoning
2. drowning

Question 21

why do kids often get injured with motor vehicles?

Answer 21

-lack of vehicle riding safety (correct carseats, kids riding in the front when they aren’t supposed to, etc.)
-children run into the road
-rise in technology (drivers are more distracted and get in more accidents)

Question 22

why do kids often die/get injured through poisoning?

Answer 22

-kids explore the world through their mouth, so they put things in there, like pills, that they are not supposed to
-cleaners, Rxs, and tide pods are often not kept well enough away from kids (cabinets are unlocked or bottles are too easy to get into)

Question 23

what was an impact of kids dying by drowning?

Answer 23

there is now legislation regarding fences and gates around pools

Question 24

what impact the probability of avoidable injuries occurring?

Answer 24

• adult supervision and activities
  -safety of play area
  -child’s individual activity level
• gender
  -SES!!!!!!!

Question 25

what are the two types of motor skills?

Answer 25

-gross motor skills -fine motor skills

Question 26

what are the improvements in gross motor skills during early childhood (2-6)

Answer 26

large body movement improve substantially ex. running, jumping ,and throwing

Question 27

how do you increase the development of gross motor skills in early childhood?

Answer 27

1. observation and self discovery 2. enhance learning through space an equipment also encourage kids to help with day to day tasks, play physical games, and get out there and play with them!!!

Question 28

what are the developments of fine motor skills during early childhood (2-6) (hands & fingers)

Answer 28

1. grasping and manipulation 2. indication of good muscle control 3. if lacking is a sign of the brain continuing to develop 4. parents need to provide the tools necessary for development

Question 29

physical play...

Answer 29

touches all 3 domains of development (physical, cognitive, psychosocial) discussion in your recording most likely

Question 30

what are the 4 types of physical play?

Answer 30

1. sensorimotor 2. mastery play 3. rough and tumble play 4. sociodramatic play

Question 31

sensorimotor play:

Answer 31

learning through the senses or motor abilities ex.) playing in the sandbox, playdough, bath playtime, smelly markers

Question 32

mastery play...

Answer 32

kids play to refine and reherse activities ex.) sports, hitting a ball, shooting a basketball, riding a bike

Question 33

rough and tumble play...

Answer 33

physically acting out in a playful manner ex.) roughhousing, play wrestling, dad throwing the kid around

Question 34

sociodramatic play...

Answer 34

pretend play ex.) roleplay

Question 35

what does child maltreatment consist of?

Answer 35

child neglect and abuse

Question 36

what is the difference between abuse and neglect?

Answer 36

neglect is more physical whereas abuse is more physical, emotiona,l and sexual

Question 37

incidents of maltreatment are reported

Answer 37

in 1/27 children

Question 38

incidents of maltreatment are substantiated

Answer 38

in 1/80 children

Question 39

what is the definition of child neglect?

Answer 39

acts of omission/faire to meet the needs of a child ex.) nutritional needs, not getting a child immunized, etc

Question 40

how is abuse defined in the state of KY

Answer 40

must leave a mark of cause extended pain

Question 41

what is the definition of child abuse?

Answer 41

non accidental acts of commission and deliberate causes of harm

Question 42

emotionally neglected children tend to be...

Answer 42

-withdrawn -dependent -psychological and behavioral problems later on:

Question 43

what types of psychological and behavioral problems can emotionally neglected have later on?

Answer 43

-low self esteem -depression -anger -poor self control -negative feelings about others -truancy -increased risk of delinquency and antisocial behavior

Question 44

child abuser correlates include...

Answer 44

-economically disadvantaged -high stress in the home -mental illness and substance abuse -teen parents -limited education -often victims of abuse themselves -social isolation

Question 45

what are the personality factors of abusers?

Answer 45

-aggressive/short tempered -demanding/lack of patience/authoritarian -low self esteem/insecure

Question 46

what are the affects of child abuse on children

Answer 46

(dependent on severity) -distrustful -withdrawn -depressed -low self esteem -poor self control -socially unacceptable behavior -high levels of anger and aggression

Question 47

what are the 4 types of physical play?

Answer 47

1. sensorimotor- exploring the world using both motor skills and senses (playing with bath toys or smelly markers) 2. mastery play- playing with the goal of mastering a skill (shooting a ball or hitting a ball) 3. rough and tumble play- physically acing out play in an aggressive but playful manner 4. sociodramatic play- pretend play (role play, fantasy play)