Epilogue Flashcards
Death and Dying
The study of death and dying
- Especially the social and emotional aspects.
- Neither morbid or gloomy, it reveals:
- The reality of hope in death
- Acceptance of dying
- Reaffirmation of life
Is known as _____________.
Thanatology
Fatally ill children typically fear __________ frequent and caring contact is more important than logic.
abandonment
Take risks, place a high value on appearance, and seek ____
thrills
- The idea that people adopt cultural values and moral principles in order to cope with their fear of death.
- Adolescents often predict that they will die at an early age
- **Tendency toward risk taking can be deadly (e.g., suicides, homicides, car accidents).
Terror management theory (TMT)
Ages ___ to 60: Terminally ill adults worry about leaving something undone or leaving family members—especially children—alone
25
One sign of mental health among older adults is __________ of their own mortality and altruistic concern about those who will live on after them
acceptance
A death that is peaceful, quick, and painless and that occurs after a long life, in the company of family and friends, and in familiar surroundings.
Good death
Lacks these six characteristics and is dreaded, particularly by the elderly
Bad death
Kübler-Ross identified emotions experienced by dying people, which she divided into five stages:
- )
- )
- )
- )
- )
- Denial (“I am not really dying.”)
- Anger (“I blame my doctors, or my family, or God for my death.”)
- Bargaining (“I will be good from now on if I can live.”)
- Depression (“I don’t care about anything; nothing matters anymore.”)
- Acceptance (“I accept my death as part of life.”)
Stage Model based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
- Physiological needs (freedom from pain)
- Safety (no abandonment)
- Love and acceptance (from close family and friends)
- Respect (from caregivers)
- Self-actualization (appreciating one’s past and present)
- Self-transcendence (acceptance of death)
* **This stage was later suggested by Maslow.
Many thanologists find that the “stages” of death may not go in _____ and some may never occur.
order
An institution or program in which terminally ill patients receive palliative care; caregivers provide skilled treatment to relieve pain and discomfort; they avoid measures to delay death and their focus is to make dying easier
Hospice
Care designed not to treat an illness but to provide physical and emotional comfort to the patient and support and guidance to his or her family.
Palliative care
An ethical situation in which an action (such as administering opiates) has both a positive effect (relieving a terminally ill person’s pain) and a negative effect (hastening death by suppressing respiration
Double effect
Later _____ due to drugs, surgery, and other interventions (e.g., respirators, defibrillators, stomach tubes, and antibiotics)
death
A situation in which a seriously ill person is allowed to die naturally, through the cessation of medical intervention
Passive euthanasia
A written order from a physician (sometimes initiated by a patient’s advance directive or by a health care proxy’s request) that no attempt should be made to revive a patient during cardiac or respiratory arrest.
DNR (do not resuscitate)
A situation in which someone takes action to bring about another person’s death, with the intention of ending that person’s suffering. Legal under some circumstances in the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Switzerland, but it is illegal (yet rarely prosecuted) in most other nations.
Active euthanasia
A form of active euthanasia in which a doctor provides the means for someone to end his or her own life.
Physician-assisted suicide
The argument that a given action will start a chain of events that will culminate in an undesirable outcome.
Known as ……?
**Concern: Hastening death when terminally ill people request may cause a society to slide into killing sick people who are not ready to die—especially the old and the poor.
Slippery slope
A document that indicates what kinds of medical intervention an individual wants or does not want if he or she becomes incapable of expressing those wishes.
Living will
A person chosen by another person to make medical decisions if the second person becomes unable to do so.
Health care proxy
The sense of loss following a death.
Bereavement
The powerful sorrow that an individual feels at the death of another
Grief
The ceremonies and behaviors that a religion or culture prescribes for people to employ in expressing their bereavement after a death.
Mourning
The bereaved sometimes blame the dead person, sometimes themselves, and sometimes distant others.
placing blame
A situation in which overly private people cut themselves off from the community and customs that allow and expect grief; can lead to social isolation
Absent grief
A situation in which certain people, although they are bereaved, are prevented from mourning publicly by cultural customs or social restrictions
Disenfranchised grief
A situation in which circumstances, such as a police investigation or an autopsy, interfere with the process of grieving.
**The grief process may be incomplete if mourning is cut short or if other people are distracted from their role in recovery.
Incomplete grief
after a loved one passes, Most bereaved people recover within …?
a year
