Chapter 18 Flashcards
Emerging Adulthood: Cognitive Development
Postformal thought extends adolescent thinking by being more practical, flexible, and ________.
dialectical
Characterized by A proposed stage of cognitive development, after Piaget’s 4 stages
where a person is more open with ideas and less concerned with absolute right and wrong… also know as “problem finding”
Postformal Thought
A skill that emerging adults struggle with but usually mastered as cognition matures
Time Management skills
- Tendency to undervalue, or ignore, future consequences and rewards in favor of immediate gratification
- example… going to the beach instead of studying for a final
Delay discounting
The Prefrontal Cortex does not mature till age ____.
20
who investigated age differences in self-descriptions?
Labouvie-Vief
Labouvie-Vief categorized self-discriptions in 4 groups. What are they?
- ) protective (high in self-involvement, low in self-doubt)
- )_______(fragmented, overwhelmed by emotions or problems)
- ) _________(valuing openness and independence above all)
- )_________(able to regulate emotions and logic)
protective
dysregulated
complex
integrated
Thinking that is based on personal qualities of the individual thinker (i.e. experiences, culture, goals)
Subjective thought
Thinking that is not based on thinker’s personal qualities but instead based valid facts and numbers
Objective thought
What is the following:
- Helps people deal with unforeseen events
- Helps avoid retreating into emotions or intellect
- A hallmark of postformal cognition
- A characteristic more common in emerging adults than younger people
- Listening to others and considering diverse opinions
Cognitive Flexibility
What is the following:
- The possibility that one’s appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another’s oversimplified, prejudiced attitudes.
- The mere possibility of being negatively stereotyped arouses anxiety that can disrupt cognition and distort emotional regulation.
- Makes people of all ages doubt their ability, which reduces learning if their anxiety interferes with cognition.
Stereotype Threat
- The most advanced cognitive process
- Ability to consider a thesis and its antithesis and arrive at a synthesis
- Being able to see the pros and cons, advantages and disadvantages, possibilities and limitations
Dialectical Thought
_____________ ________ is rare in adolescents, more often found in middle-aged people
Dialectical thinking
What 3 statements are in Dialectical Thought?
Thesis
Antithesis
Synthesis
A statement of belief
Thesis
A statement of belief that opposes the thesis
Antithesis
A new idea that integrates the thesis and its antithesis, thus representing a new and more comprehensive level of truth
Synthesis
- Adult responsibilities, experiences, and education affect _____ reasoning and religious beliefs.
- Maturation of values appears first in emerging adulthood
- _____ decisions are least likely in early adolescence
Moral
The tendency of females to be reluctant to judge right and wrong in absolute terms due to socialization
Morality of care
The tendency of males to emphasize justice over compassion and judging right and wrong in absolute terms
Morality of justice
A way to measure moral thinking by having the test takers rank possible solutions to moral dilemmas
**Developed by James Rest
Defining Issues Test (DIT)
Facts:
Stages Of Faith
1: Intuitive-projective, ages 3-7
2: Mythic-literal, ages 7-11, some adults
3: Synthetic-conventional, conformist
4: Individual-reflective, active commitment
5: Conjunctive: postformal way of thinking, rarely achieved before middle-age
6: Universalizing: transforming experience may cause this, rarely achieved
.
- Most contemporary students attend college primarily to secure their vocational and financial future.
- College also correlates with better health - graduates everywhere smoke less, eat better, exercise more, and live longer.
- There is no doubt that tertiary education improves verbal and quantitative abilities, knowledge of specific subject areas, skills in various professions, reasoning, and reflection.
Positive results of college
