Chapter 16

Question 1

-Erikson’s term for the fifth stage of development, in which the person tries to figure out “Who am I?” but is confused as to which of many possible roles to adopt

Answer 1

Identity versus role confusion

Question 2

Erikson’s term for the attainment of identity, the point at which a person understands who he or she is as a unique individual, in accord with past experiences and future plans.

Answer 2

Identity achievement

Question 3

(identity diffusion)

-A situation in which an adolescent does not seem to know or care what his or her identity is.

Answer 3

Role confusion

Question 4

Erikson’s term for premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts parents’ or society’s roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis.

Answer 4

Foreclosure

Question 5

-An adolescent’s choice of a socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions. Going to college is a common example.

Answer 5

Moratorium

Question 6

for most, it is similar to that of their parents and communities beliefs

Answer 6

Religious Identity

Question 7

-similar to their parents and apolitical teens tend to become apolitical adults

Answer 7

Political Identity

Question 8

Originally meant envisioning oneself as a worker in a particular occupation; adults change vocation several time

Answer 8

. Vocational identity

Question 9

“Gender identity” also known as ________ Identity

• Replaced Erikson’s term
• a person’s acceptance of the roles and behaviors that society associates with the biological categories of male and female.
• Adolescents experience strong sexual drives as their hormone levels increase. They are often confused about the drives and it may make achieving gender identity complicated.

Answer 9

Sexual identity

Question 10

What are the 4 arenas of Identity Formation

Answer 10

1. Religious
2. Political
3. Vocational
4. Sexual Identity

Question 11

This type of conflict typically peaks in early adolescence and is more a sign of attachment than of distance

Answer 11

Parent- adolescent conflict

Question 12

Petty, peevish arguing, usually repeated and ongoing.

Answer 12

Bickering

Question 13

Although teenagers may act as if they no longer need their parents, _____ can be very destructive.

Answer 13

Neglect

Question 14

• ________ ___________: something, such as teen rebellion, that is common to only certain cultures.
• In every culture, adolescents benefit from increasing autonomy but some cultures allow more (i.e. U.S.) than others (i.e. Hong Kong)

Answer 14

Social construction

Question 15

Four Aspects of ___________:

1.Communication:
Do parents and teens talk openly with one another?

2.Support:
Do they rely on one another?

3.Connectedness:
How emotionally close are they?

4.Control:
Do parents encourage or limit adolescent autonomy?

Answer 15

Four Aspects of Closeness:

Question 16

________ is when parents’ ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom.

Positive consequences when part of a warm, supportive relationship
Negative when overly restrictive and controlling

Answer 16

Parental monitoring

Question 17

• Encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude; usually considered a negative force, as when adolescent peers encourage one another to defy adult authority.

Answer 17

Peer Pressure

Question 18

-Destructive peer support in which one person shows another how to rebel against authority or social norms.

Answer 18

Deviancy training

Question 19

A group of adolescents made up of close friends who are loyal to one another while excluding outsiders.

Answer 19

Clique

Question 20

A larger group of adolescents who have something in common but who are not necessarily friends.

Answer 20

Crowd

Question 21

• Teenagers select friends whose values and interests they share, abandoning friends who follow other paths.

Answer 21

Selection

Question 22

• Peers facilitate both destructive (“Let’s all skip school”) and constructive (“Let’s study together”) behaviors in one another.
• **Helps individuals do things that they would be unlikely to do on their own.

Answer 22

Facilitation

Question 23

Whether a person is sexually attracted to others of the same sex, the opposite sex, or both sexes

Answer 23

Sexual orientation

Question 24

-Feelings of hopelessness, lethargy, and worthlessness that last two weeks or more.

Answer 24

Clinical depression

Question 25

-Repeatedly thinking and talking about past experiences; can contribute to depression and is more common in girls.

Answer 25

Rumination

Question 26

Thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional and intellectual or cognitive overtones.
**in Adolescent it is common, completed suicides are not. Adolescents are less likely to kill themselves than adults are.

Answer 26

Suicidal ideation

Question 27

______ is any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death.
**Parasuicide is common, completed suicide is not. Internationally, rates range between 6 and 20 percent. More common in U.S. girls than boys

Answer 27

Parasuicide

Question 28

several suicides committed by members of a group within a brief period of time.

Answer 28

Cluster suicides

Question 29

A person whose criminal activity typically begins in early adolescence and continues throughout life; a career criminal

Answer 29

Life-course-persistent offender

Question 30

A person whose criminal activity stops by age 21

Answer 30

Adolescence-limited offender

Question 31

Drug use becomes widespread from age __ to 25 and then decreases
Drug use before age __ is the best predictor of later drug abuse

Answer 31

10; 18

Question 32

_______ :

• Slows down growth (impairs digestion, nutrition, and appetite)
• Reduces the appetite
• Can damage developing hearts, lungs, brains, and reproductive systems

Answer 32

Tobacco

Question 33

________:

• Adolescents who regularly smoke marijuana are more likely to drop out of school, become teenage parents, and be unemployed.
• Marijuana affects memory, language proficiency, and motivation.

drugs effect prefrontal cortex causing emotional instability

Answer 33

Marijuana

Question 34

The idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned. As used here, the term refers to knowledge about the harm drugs can do.

Answer 34

Generational Forgetting

Question 35

Have worked in FL and CA where teen smoking was cut by almost 50%

Answer 35

Massive Ad Campaigns

Question 36

Higher prices, targeted warnings, better law enforcement has cut down smoking

Answer 36

Changing the Social Context

Question 37

____ _____ may increase drug use because:

1. The advertisements make drugs seem exciting
2. Adolescents recognize the exaggeration
3. the ads give some teenagers ideas about ways to show defiance

Answer 37

Scare tactics