Chapter 23

Question 1

A prejudice in which people are categorized and judged solely on the basis of their chronological age. Considers people as part of a category and not as individuals, can target people of any age.

Answer 1

Ageism

Question 2

A condescending way of speaking to older adults that resembles baby talk, with short, simple sentences, exaggerated emphasis, repetition, and a slower rate and higher pitch than normal speech.

Answer 2

Elderspeak

Question 3

_________threat can be as debilitating for the aged as for other groups.

Answer 3

Stereotype

Question 4

The multidisciplinary study of old age.

Answer 4

Gerontology

Question 5

The medical specialty devoted to aging

Answer 5

Geriatrics

Question 6

A shift in the proportions of the population of various ages. Once there were 20 times more children than older people

Answer 6

Demographic shift

Question 7

People who’ve lived 100 years or more. The fastest-growing age group

Answer 7

Centenarians

Question 8

A graphic representation of population as a series of stacked bars in which each age cohort is represented by one bar, with the youngest cohort at the bottom

Answer 8

Demographic pyramid

Question 9

Healthy, vigorous, financially secure older adults (those aged 60 to 75) who are well integrated into the lives of their families and communities.
%?

Answer 9

Young-old (70%)

Question 10

Older adults (those aged 75 to 85) who suffer from physical, mental, or social deficits. %..?

Answer 10

Old-old (20%)

Question 11

Elderly adults (those over age 85) who are dependent on others for almost everything, requiring supportive services such as nursing-home care and hospital stays.%…?

Answer 11

Oldest-old (10%)

Question 12

The universal and irreversible physical changes that occur to all living creatures as they grow older.

Answer 12

Primary aging

Question 13

The specific physical illnesses or conditions that become more common with aging but result from poor health habits, genetic vulnerability, and other influences that vary from person to person.

Answer 13

Secondary aging

Question 14

Disease that involves the heart and the circulatory system

Answer 14

Cardiovascular disease

Question 15

Older adults spend more time in bed, take longer to fall asleep, wake up more often, and feel drowsy in the daytime more often.

Answer 15

Individual Compensation: Sleep

Question 16

Older adults drive more slowly, may not drive at night or when there is bad weather and may give up driving altogether.

Answer 16

Social Compensation: Driving

Question 17

A shortening of the time a person spends ill or infirm before death; accomplished by postponing illness.

Answer 17

Compression of Morbidity

Question 18

With age, bones become more porous, losing calcium and strength. This can lead to ______________ where bones can be broken easily.

Answer 18

osteoporosis

Question 19

Most common liability elders experience from falling is fear so they reduced their _______ which caused them to become sicker.

Answer 19

activity

Question 20

Only _____%of people over age 65 see well without glasses.
Taste, smell, touch, and hearing are also impaired (e.g., by age __, the average man is almost deaf, as are about half of the women).

Answer 20

10% ; 90

Question 21

3 most vision impairments in the elderly

Answer 21

Cateracts - age 50 10%
Glaucoma 1% in 70s
Macular degeneration

Question 22

A process by which the human body wears out due to the passage of time and exposure to stressors.

Answer 22

Wear and Tear

Question 23

A mechanism in the DNA of cells that regulates the aging process by triggering hormonal changes and controlling cellular reproduction and repair.

Answer 23

Genetic clock

Question 24

The oldest possible age to which members of a species can live, under ideal circumstances. For humans, that age is approximately 122 years

Answer 24

Maximum life span

Question 25

• The number of years that the average person in a particular population is likely to live.
• *In the U.S. today, average life expectancy at birth is about 75 years for men and 81 years for women.
• *Dramatic variations from nation to nation

Answer 25

Average life expectancy

Question 26

Atoms of oxygen that have an unpaired electron and which can, over time, cause cancer, diabetes, and arteriosclerosis

Answer 26

Oxygen free radicals

Question 27

Chemical compounds that nullify the effects of oxygen free radicals by forming a bond with their unattached oxygen electron.

Answer 27

Antioxidants

Question 28

Immune cells made in the bone marrow that create antibodies for isolating and destroying bacteria and viruses.

Answer 28

B Cells

Question 29

Immune cells made in the thymus gland that produce substances that attack infected cells in the body

Answer 29

T Cells

Question 30

The number of times a human cell is capable of dividing into two new cells

Answer 30

Hayflick limit

Question 31

The ends of chromosomes in the cells

Answer 31

Telomeres

Question 32

Enzyme that increases the length of telomeres

Answer 32

Telomerase

Question 33

Slows down aging

Answer 33

Calorie restriction