Chapter 24

Question 1

_________reduces production of neurotransmitters that allow a nerve impulse to jump quickly.

• Results in a brain slowdown, seen in reaction time, talking, and thinking.
• Brain slowdown correlates with slower walking and most other physical disabilities.

Answer 1

Senescence

Question 2

Brain senescence varies markedly from individual to individual. The suggested reasons include gender, education, experience, and elders’ assessment of whether their everyday activities are restricted by their health. This term is know as _____ _________.

Answer 2

brain slowdown

Question 3

The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_  (memory) and the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 
 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (planning, inhibiting unwanted responses, and coordinating thoughts) shrink faster than other areas.

Answer 3

hypothalamus; prefrontal cortex

Question 4

_______ _________ is The part of the information-processing system that consists of methods for regulating the analysis and flow of information.
-includes memory and retrieval strategies, selective attention, and rules or strategies for problem solving. Becomes less effective with age

Answer 4

Control Processes

Question 5

______ is A control strategy where words or ideas are presented in order to make it easier to remember something.
****Stereotype threat can trigger anxiety, fear, and depression hurt cognition and learning potential.

Answer 5

Priming

Question 6

_______ is Gradual decline of primary mental abilities (e.g., verbal meaning, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning, number ability, word fluency) is normal. Two important modifiers are health and training

Answer 6

Output

Question 7

_______is measured by mortality, morbidity, disability and vitality. A better predictor of cognition than age

Answer 7

Health

Question 8

An overall slowdown of cognitive abilities in the weeks and months before death. Those who have many more decades to live experience much less decline.

Answer 8

Terminal decline

Question 9

The idea that cognition should be measured in settings that are realistic and that the abilities measured should be those needed in real life.

Answer 9

Ecological Validity

Question 10

Irreversible loss of intellectual functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease. Becomes more common with age, but it is abnormal and pathological even in the very old.

Answer 10

Dementia

Question 11

A temporary loss of memory, often accompanied by hallucinations, terror, grandiosity, and irrational behavior.

Answer 11

Delirium

Question 12

The most common cause of dementia, characterized by gradual deterioration of memory and personality and marked by the formation of plaques of beta-amyloid protein and tangles of tau protein in the brain.
***Note:Also called senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT).

Answer 12

Alzheimer disease (AD)

Question 13

__________________ ________________ ______________ is Forgetfulness and loss of verbal fluency that often comes before the first stage of AD.

-About half will become demented, but some stabilize with mild impairment and others regain their cognitive abilities.

Answer 13

Mild Cognitive Impairment

Question 14

Symptoms of this are considered _______ stages…

1. )Forgetfulness, personality changes
2. )Memory loss eventually becomes dangerous

Answer 14

Beginning stages from confusion to dealth

Question 15

_______stage

1. .)Full-time care is needed, communication ceases
2. )Identity and personality are lost, death comes 10-15 years after the first signs appear

Answer 15

Final stages ; from confusion to dealth

Question 16

A form of dementia characterized by sporadic and progressive loss of intellectual functioning caused by repeated infarcts, or temporary obstructions of blood vessels, which prevent sufficient blood from reaching the brain.
**Also called multi-infarct dementia.

Answer 16

Vascular dementia (VaD)

Question 17

Characterized by personality changes. Caused by deterioration of the frontal lobes and the amygdala.

*****Also called frontotemporal lobar degeneration.
is known as _____ __ _____.

Answer 17

Frontal Lobe Dementia

Question 18

this disease Does not always lead to dementia. Starts with rigidity or tremor of the muscles as neurons that produce dopamine degenerate.Younger adults with Parkinson disease may avoid dementia for years; older people develop dementia sooner.

Answer 18

Parkinsons disease

Question 19

is disease is Named after round deposits of protein (Lewy bodies) in the neuron.
Numerous and dispersed throughout the brain.
Motor movements and cognition are impacted.
The main symptom is loss of inhibition.

Answer 19

Lewy body dementia

Question 20

what reduces dementia by 50%

Answer 20

physical activity and avoiding pathogens in mad cow, syphilis and Aids

Question 21

Malnutrition, dehydration, brain tumors, physical illness and overmedication can cause dementia-like symptoms can cause

Answer 21

dementia

Question 22

When the elderly are prescribed several drugs and the side effects can cause dementia symptoms. Some drug combinations can produce confusion and psychotic behavior

Answer 22

Polypharmacy

Question 23

The final stage in Erikson’s model in which older people gain interest in the arts, in children, and in human experience as a whole.

Answer 23

Integrity vs. despair

Question 24

The final stage in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, characterized by aesthetic, creative, philosophical, and spiritual understanding.

Answer 24

Self-actualization

Question 25

An examination of one’s own part in life, which often takes the form of stories written or spoken by elderly people who want to share them with younger ones.
is called…?

Answer 25

Life review

Question 26

An expert knowledge system dealing with the conduct and understanding of life.
Life review, self-actualization, and integrity are considered parts of it.
Some elderly people are unusually this.

Answer 26

wisdom