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A321 > Engine > Flashcards

Engine Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of the engine does A321 have ?

A

Jet Engine with high by pass ratio

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2
Q

What does “High by pass ratio” mean ?

A

Air goes into engine is divided into flows
* Most of the air flows out of the engine core, and provide most of engine thrust
* The remain air enters the core engine

The air which provide most of the engine thrust is call by pass air

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3
Q

What is N1 ?

A

Rotation speed of the fan

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4
Q

What is N2 ?

A

Rotation speed of HP rotor

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5
Q

How many igniter does an engine have ?

A

Each engine has 2 igniters, locate inside combustion chamber

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6
Q

What is the function of accessory gearbox ?

A

Drives various accessories with mechanical power via HP shaft
* Oil feed pump
* Fuel pump
* Hydraulic pump
* Generator
* FADEC alternator
* Pneumatic stater

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7
Q

What redundancy does FADEC have ?

Full Authority Digital Engine Control

A

2 channels, one active, one stby

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8
Q

What is the power source for FADEC ?

Full Authority Digital Engine Control

A

FADEC has its own magnetic alternator.
If alternator fails, a/c electrical system will power FADEC

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9
Q

What is the function of EIU ?

Engine Interface Unit

A

Transmits to FADEC the data it uses for eninge management

Infor from

  • Zone cont
  • LGCIU
  • BMC
  • FCU
  • FMGS
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10
Q

How does “Protection again fan flutter” funtion work ?

CEO a/c only

A

On ground at low speed, EEC prevents engines from stabilized btw 60% and 74% N1( depend on OAT)

Electronic Engine Computer

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11
Q

What are FADEC tasks during manual start sequence ?

A
  1. passive monitor engine
  2. control of
    * start valve
    * HP fuel valve
    * Ignition
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12
Q

What is the different btw auto start and manual start ?

A
  • During auto start FADEC control and monitor the sequence include auto crank
  • During manual start, pilot have to monitor engine parameter, FADEC only control the start valve, HP fuel valve, and ignition. Cranking has to be done manually also.
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13
Q

How many idle mode does FADEC have ?

CEO a/c

A

Modulated Idle
Approach Idle
Reverse Idle

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14
Q

How many idle mode does FADEC have ?

NEO a/c

A

Minimum Idle
Approach Idle
Reverse Idle

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15
Q

What is minimum idle mode ?

NEO a/c

A

Is regulated according to
* Bleed system demand
* ambient condition
Is selected
* In flight when LDG is retract and not in config 3 or full
* On ground, provide reverse is not selected

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16
Q

What is approach idle mode ?

NEO a/c

A
  • Is selected according to a/c alt, bleed demand and ambient condition
  • Is selected in flight, in CONF 3 or Full or LDG is down
  • Allow engine to accelerate rapidly from idle to GA thrust
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17
Q

What is reverse idle mode ?

Both NEO and CEO

A
  • Is selected on ground when thrust lever in REV IDLE position
  • Is slightly higher than foward idle thrust
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18
Q

What is modulated idle mode ?

CEO a/c

A

Is regulated according to
* Bleed system demand
* ambient condition
Is selected
* In flight when Flap at zero
* On ground, provide reverse is not selected

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19
Q

What is approach idle mode ?

CEO a/c

A
  • Is selected according to a/c alt, bleed demand and ambient condition
  • Is selected in flight, when flaps extend
  • Allow engine to accelerate rapidly from idle to GA thrust
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20
Q

What is detents and stops ?

Thrust lever

A

Detents
* MCT/FLEX
* CLB
* REV IDLE
Stops
* TOGA
* IDLE
* REV MAX

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21
Q

How does FADEC compute thrust rating limit ?

A

Depend on thrust lever position
* If thrust lever is set in a detent, FADEC selects the rating limit corresponding to this detent
* If thrust lever is set btw 2 detents, FADEC selects the rating limit corresponding to the higher detent

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22
Q

How many power setting does FADEC have ?

CEO

A
  • N1
  • EPR
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23
Q

What is N1 mode and EPR mode ?

CEO

A

EPR is normal mode
N1 is rated or degraded mode

Loss A/THR and Alpha Floor during N1 mode

EPR = Low pressure turbine exhaust press (P5) / Engine inlet press (P2)

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24
Q

What is N1 rated mode ?

CEO

A

FADEC will determine N1 power setting as a function of TLA, altitude and engine inlet total temp

Thrust Lever Angle

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25
Q

What is N1 degraded mode ?

CEO

A

N1 is define by function of TLA only

Thrust Lever Angle

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26
Q

When will FADEC revert to N1 rated mode ?

CEO

A

When P2 (engine inlet pressure) and P5 (low pressure turbine exhaust press) are not avail

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27
Q

When will FADEC revert to N1 degraded mode ?

CEO

A
  • When loss T2 (engine inlet total temp) or ambient pressure (ambient pressure engine sensor) parameters
  • Emer Elec Conf
28
Q

How to revert back to EPR mode from N1 mode ?

CEO

A

Switching OFF the ENG N1 MODE pb

only work if the failure has dissapeared

29
Q

What are the composition of fuel pump unit in engine ?

CEO

A

Consists of low and high fuel pump

30
Q

What is the function of Fuel Oil Heat Exchanger ?

CEO

A

Heat the fuel, cool the oil

31
Q

What is the function of fuel metering unit ?

CEO

A

FADEC control fuel supply via FMU

Fuel Metering Unit

For NEO is IFPC (Integrated Fuel Pump and Control)

32
Q

How is IDG oil cooled ?

CEO

A

Via IDG cooler

Also by engine fuel

33
Q

How many operation mode does IDG cooling recirculation system have ?

CEO

A
  • 2 Return to tank mode
  • 2 No return to tank mode
34
Q

What are the components of oil system ?

CEO

A
  • Oil tank
  • Lube and scavenge pump modules
  • Fuel/oil heat and air/oil heat exchanger
  • Filter, chip detector, pressure relief and bypass valve

NEO has additional
* Oil pump for HP and LP rotors
* Oil pump for FDGS

35
Q

What is the cooling method for engine ?

A

Active clearance control for the high and low pressure turbine blade tip clearance by cooling the related turbine case

36
Q

What is the method to keep engine stability ?

A

By control the airflow through HP and LP compressure via valves which is installed in different stage of compressor

37
Q

How can engine create reverse thrust ?

A

Translating sleeves are fully deployed reaward, thus enabling the pivoting blocker doors to forward divert the fan flow through cascades

38
Q

What are the deploy requirement for reverse thrust ?

A
  • One FADEC channel
  • Right and left main gear compressed signal from corresponding LGCIUs
  • TLA reverse signals from at least one SEC
39
Q

What is the protection method for reverser system ?

A

FADEC will automatically select thrust to idle in case of
* Inadvertent deploy
* Inadvertent stowage

40
Q

What is the component of engine ignition system ?

A

It consists of two identical independent circuit, which is controlled by FADEC

41
Q

How many igniter supply for auto start ?

A

One and FADEC automatically alternates the igniters and/or channel used in successive sequence

42
Q

How does ignition come on and off ?

CEO

A

Auto start
Ignition come on automatically after dry crank and cut off automatically when N2 reach 43%
Manual start
When ENG MASTER is ON

43
Q

How does ignition come on and off ?

NEO

A

Auto start
Ignition come on automatically after N2 reach 18% and cut off automatically when N2 reach 55%
Manual start
When ENG MASTER is ON

44
Q

When do both igniters come on for starting ?

A
  • Manual start
  • Relight inflight
45
Q

When does continuous ignition come on automatically ?

CEO

A
  • Engine flameout or surge detected
  • Quick relight
  • ENG ANTI ICE pb ON
  • Approach idlle is selected
  • GA with slats/flaps
  • EIU failed
46
Q

What are the components of engine starter ?

A
  • Air tubine starter
  • Start valve
47
Q

How to open starter valve when electrical fails ?

A

a handle allows the valve to be open manually

48
Q

What happen when automatic start failed ?

A

FADEC will abort the sequence and dry crank the engine

49
Q

auto start

What happen when ENG MODE selected IGN/START ?

A
  • ENG page appears on SD
  • All engine parameters are avail
  • Pack valves auto close

After 30s if ENG MASTER lever not ON, pack valves auto open

50
Q

auto start

What happen when ENG MASTER ON ?

CEO

A
  • LP fuel valves open
  • Start valve open
    After dry crank (30s)
  • ignition start
  • HP fuel valves open
51
Q

auto start

What happen when ENG MASTER ON ?

NEO

A
  • LP fuel valves open
  • Start valve open
    After dry crank (2min)
  • ignition start
  • HP fuel valves open
52
Q

Manual start

What happen when ENG MODE selected IGN/START
ENG MAN START pb ON ?

A

Start valve open

53
Q

Manual start

What happen when ENG MASTER ON ?

A
  • HP valve open
  • Both igniters on
54
Q

How to turn off igniter and close start valve during manual start ?

CEO

A

FADEC do it automatically when N2 reach 43%

NEO 55%

55
Q

What “COOLING” memo displayed on E/WD mean ?

A

Engines are cranking

56
Q

Why do we need to crank the engine after failed start attemp ?

A

Cranking helps ventilate the engine to remove fuel vapors on ground

57
Q

Can enigne be crank inflight ?

A

NO

58
Q

How to perfrom wet crank process ?

A
  • ENG MODE select CRANK
  • ENG MASTER ON
  • ENG MAN START ON
59
Q

ENG FAULT light?

A
  • HP fuel valve in abnormal position
  • Automatic start aborts
  • Malfunction of thrust control
60
Q

What does “REV” in amber mean ?

A

Thrust reverser system is unlocked

61
Q

What does “REV” in green mean ?

A

Thrust reverser system is fully deployed

62
Q

What happen when hold A/THR instinctive disconnect pb > 15s ?

A

A/THR will be disconnected for the rest of the flight

63
Q

Where can you find thrust reduction alt and is the number always the same ?

A

PERF page on MCDU, number can be modified

64
Q

Which pb control the LP fuel valve ?

A

ENG MASTER switch

65
Q

Which thrust lever position must be in, in order to active A/THR ?

A
  • CLB for both engines
  • MCT for OEI
66
Q

T/O can be done using which power setting ?

A
  • TOGA
  • FLEX
67
Q

What happen when you selected FLEX without set flex temp into MCDU ?

A

MCT setting will be in used

A321 (25 decks)

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