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A321 > Auto Flight > Flashcards

Auto Flight Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic principle of autoflight systems ?

A
  • Reversion
  • Protection
  • Managed and selected guidance mode
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2
Q

What are the component FMGS ?

Flight Management Guidance System

A
  • 2 Flight management guidance computers (FMGC)
  • 2 Multipurpose control and display units (MCDU)
  • 1 Flight control unit (FCU)
  • 2 Flight augmentation computers (FAC)
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3
Q

What is managed guidance ?

A

FMGS compute and guide a/c along prplanned route and vertical and speed profiles

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4
Q

What is selected guidance ?

A

FMGS guide a/c to the target value that is set on FCU

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5
Q

What are the functions of FAC ?

YAWL

A
  • Yaw damping, rudder limiting, rudder trim
  • Airspeed computation
  • Windshear detection
  • Low energy warning
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6
Q

What are the main interface btw FMGS, FADEC, and flight crew ?

A

Thrust levers

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7
Q

What are the main interface btw flight crew and FMGS ?

A
  • FCU
  • EFIS control pannel
  • MCDU
  • PFD, ND
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8
Q

How many mode does FMGS have ?

A
  • Dual mode
  • Independent mode
  • Single mode
  • Back-up navigation mode
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9
Q

FMGS mode

What is dual mode ?

A

Two FMGC are sychronized, one is the master, the other is slave. Each FMGC computes its own data and exhchange with each other. Some of the data in the slave FMGC come from the master. All data insert in any MCDU is transffered to both FMGCs.

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10
Q

FMGS mode

What is the master FMGC logic in dual mode ?

A

If one AP is engade, the related FMGC is master
If two AP is engaged, FMGC 1 is master
If no AP engaged:
* FD 1 on then FMGC 1 is master;
* FD 1 off, and FD 2 on FMGC 2 is master

If no AP/FD is engaged: A/THR is controlled by FMGC 1

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11
Q

FMGS mnode

What is independent mode ?

A

Both FMGC work independently and are linked only to their own side peripherals.
Each MCDU transmits its own side FMGC data

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12
Q

FMGS mode

What will not be displayed in MCDU in independent mode ?

A

On POS MONITOR page, FMGS position from opposite FMGC
On RAD NAV page, navaid tuned on the opposite MCDU

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13
Q

FMGS mode

When will FMGS select independent mode ?

A

Different database validity on both FMGS

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14
Q

FMGS mode

When do you have CROSSLOAD funtion in MCDU ?

A

Each FMGC has different database and a/c is on ground, and independent operation is detected

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15
Q

FMGS mode

What is the indication of independent mode ?

A

“INDEPENDENT OPERATION” displayed on both MCDU

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16
Q

FMGS mode

What is single mode ?

A
  • One FMGC fails
  • Both FDs are driven by operative FMGC
  • Any entry on either MCDU is sent to the operative FMGC
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17
Q

FMGS mode

What are the indication of single mode ?

A

“OPP FMGC IN PROGESS” displayed on MCDU of failed FMGC
ND of failed FMGC display
* “MAP NOT AVAIL” and “SET OFFSIDE RNG/MODE” if NDS are not both in same mode or range
* “OFFSIDE FM CONTROL” if in same mode and range

POS MONITOR pages display same position (operative FMGC position)

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18
Q

FMGS mode

When do you select Back Up Navigation mode ?

A

Dual FMGCs failure

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19
Q

FMGS mode

How do you select Back Up Navigation mode ?

A

Via MCDU MENU page

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20
Q

FMGS mode

How does Back Up Navigation mode work ?

A

They recover the navigation function through MCDU and IRS/GPS
MCDU memorize active flight plan in its memory

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21
Q

MCDU annunciators (on the side of key board)

Display “FAIL” amber ?

A

MCDU has failed

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22
Q

MCDU annunciators (on the side of key board)

Display “MCDU MENU” white ?

A

Indicate flight crew should call up a peripheral linked to MCDU

such as ACARS, ATSU, or CFDS

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23
Q

MCDU annunciators (on the side of key board)

Display “FM” white ?

A

Come on when flight crew is using MCDU to display peripherals. This tell that FMGC has an important mess to deliver

Accesses the mess by press MCDU MENU

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24
Q

MCDU annunciators (on top of key board)

Display “FM 1/FM 2” amber ?

A

Onside FM is failed

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25
Q

MCDU annunciators (on top of key board)

Display “IND” amber ?

A

Onside FM detect an independent mode of operation while both FM are healthly

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26
Q

MCDU annunciators (on top of key board)

Display “RDY” green ?

A

MCDU passed its power up test after it was turned off using DIM key

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27
Q

MCDU

How many type of message are there in MCDU ?

A

2 type:
* Amber
* White

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28
Q

MCDU

What is amber message ?

A

Type 1: direct result of flight crew action. Displayed immediately ahead other mess
Type 2: inform flight crew of a given situation or request a specific action

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29
Q

FCU

How many channel does FCU has ?

A

FCU has 2 channel

One fails the other take control

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30
Q

FCU

What is the indication of managed guidance ?

A

FCU window display dashes and white dots light up

ALT window always display altitude selected by flight crew

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31
Q

FCU

During managed guidance, what will happen if you only turning the knob without pulling it ?

A

the value will be displayed for 45s on HDG/TRK and 10s on SPD/MACH before the dashes reapear

This rule does not apply on ALT knob

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32
Q

If V/S or FPA not engaged, what will happen to the V/S or FPA preselected value ?

A

Dashes reappear after 45s

33
Q

What happen when push V/S or FPA knob ?

A

A/C level off

34
Q

Display on ND

How do you know Rad Nav is manually tuned from MCDU ?

A

a “M” symbol stand next to the station identification on ND

ARC mode only

35
Q

Display on ND

How do you know Rad Nav is manually tuned from RMP ?

A

a “R” symbol stand next to the station identification on ND

ARC mode only

36
Q

Which computer compute the speed displayed on PFD ?

37
Q

Which computer compute the speed displayed on MCDU ?

A

FMS

base on A/C ZFW and FOB

38
Q

Characteristic speeds on PFD

What is the difference btw these computted speed on NEO and CEO ?

S speed, VLS, VS, F speed, Green dot

A

On NEO FAC use FMS weight data
On CEO FAC use aerodynamic data

Some CEO a/c FAC use both of the data (605-615)

39
Q

Protection speed on PFD

Which computer compute these speed ? and base on what ?

Vα PROT, Vα MAX, VSW, VMAX

A

FAC compute base on aerodynamic data

Displayed purpose only, the activation of protections is computed by ELAC

40
Q

What is Vref ?

A

Reference speed use for normal final approach

Equal to 1.23 x VS of CONF FULL

Displayed on MCDU APPR page, (VLS CONF FULL)

41
Q

What is “FM positon” ?

A

a position of A/C which is computed by FMGS base on MIX IRS and radio/GPIRS position

GPS/IRS is basic nav mode

42
Q

What is “GPIRS position” ?

A

Each IRS independently select their GPS source and computes a mixed IRS/GPS position called “GPIRS position”

Which then send it to FMGS

43
Q

How is FM position updated at take off ?

A

Automatically at RWY threshold position as stored in database or manually by enter T/O shift on PERF TO page

FM position update is inhibited when GPS PRIMARY is active

44
Q

What is “BIAS” ?

A

a vector which is computed by FMGS from its MIX IRS position to the radio/GPIRS position

45
Q

What is the purpose of “BIAS” ?

A

In case of losing radio/GPIRS position, FMGS memorizes the “BIAS” and compute the FM position

46
Q

Do you need to enter T/O shift when T/O at intersection with GPS primary active ?

A

Yes, even FM position update is inhibited,due to in case of lost GPS

47
Q

What is the priority order of FM position update ?

Navigation mode

A
  • IRS-GPS
  • IRS-DME/DME
  • IRS-VOR/DME
  • IRS only
48
Q

What is ESTIMATED POSITION UNCERTAINTY (EPU) ?

A

It is an estimate of how much FM position diverged, and it is a function of the navigation mode that the system use

Computed by FMGS

49
Q

What is the purpose of EPU ?

Estimated position uncertainty

A

FMS compare EPU with RNP to determine accuracy HIGH or LOW

EPU not exceed RNP = accuracy HIGH
EPU exceed RNP = accuracy LOW

50
Q

What does “PROCEDURE RNP IS XXX” or “AREA RNP IS XXX” mess mean ?

A

Entered RNP value is higher than published value

51
Q

Where are EPU and RNP value displayed ?

A

In the ESTIMATED field and REQUIRED field of PROG page

52
Q

What are default RNP valueds ?
* En route
* Terminal
* Approach

A
  • Enroute: 2.0nm
  • Terminal: 1.0nm
  • Approach: GPS/RNAV 0.3nm
    other 0.5nm
53
Q

When will “GPS PRIMARY” be displayed ?

A

When GPS status complies with both criteria
* Accuracy criterion
* Integrity criterion

54
Q

What is GPS accuracy criterion ?

A

HIGH accuracy

55
Q

What is GPS integrity criterion ?

A

This is the capability to detect a failure and provide warning of it

56
Q

What is this message mean ?
FM/GPS POS DISAGREE

A

FM position deviate from GPS position 1 or 2

Longitude threshold
* 0.5’ for lat below 55°
* 0.9’ for lat 55°-70°

Lat threshold of 0.5’

57
Q

MCDU displays “TUNE BBB FFF.FF”
What does that mean ?

BBB= ident FFF.FF= frequency

A

Manual tuning prevent FMGS from auto tune to compute position

58
Q

How many VOR can FMGC tune (manually and automatucally) ?

59
Q

VOR

What is the priority of automatic tuning ?

A
  1. The specified navaid for approach
  2. Navaid to compute radio position
  3. For displayed purpose
    * Navaid specified for active flight leg
    * “TO WPT”
    * “FROM WPT”
    * A waypoit farther along the flight path
    * Closest navaid
60
Q

How many DME can FMGC tune aautomatically ?

A

4
* One for display and VOR/DME pos computation
* TWO for DME/DME pos computation (no indication)
* One for ILS/DME

Some other a/c can tune up to 5

61
Q

When will FMGS auto tune a ADF ?

A

When flight plan specified a NDB approach and a fix in the approach is the TO WPT

62
Q

How many ADF can FMGC auto tune ?

63
Q

How many ILS can FMGC auto tune ?

64
Q

When will FMGC auto tune ILS ?

A
  • In preflight of t/o phase when t/o rwy has ILS
  • Other phase when the type of approach in flight plan is ILS
65
Q

What is this message mean ?
“RWY/ILS MISMATCH”

A

Manually tune ILS does not agree with ILS or LOC IDENT/FREQ in flight plant

66
Q

Where can you find tuned navaid page in MCDU ?

A
  • RADIO NAV page
  • SELECTED NAVAIDS page
67
Q

What can be modified in SELECTED NAVAIDS page ?

A

You can only deselected navaid or GPS for the whole flight

68
Q

Flight crew manual tune the ILS by FREQ but can not arm approach, why ?

A

the course has not yet been enterred

69
Q

How can you indentify a NAVAID ?

A

Check identifier decode on PFD for ILS
On ND for VOR or ADF

70
Q

What should you check when identifier decode is different from published one ?

A

Check the audio

Morse code

71
Q

Can you identify DME via ND ?

72
Q

What input does FMGS need to align the IRS ?

A

Reference point coordinate of departure airport

73
Q

How can FMGS know the reference point coordinate of departure airport ?

A

From database automatically when a company route or an origin-destination pair is entered and ALIGN IRS key on MCDU is pressed

74
Q

“IRS IN ALIGN” memo flash ?

A
  • Excessive motion
  • Disagreement btw MCDU position and last IRS memorize position
  • Disagreement bwt latitude on MCDU and latitude computed by IRS
  • IRS has not recieved a position from MCDU

Some a/c “ALIGN” flashes on ADIRS overhead CDU

75
Q

What does navigation performance mainly base on ?

A
  • Accuracy of a/c position computation
  • Validity of nav database
76
Q

How can you check NAV database validity ?

A

Check on AIRCRAFT STATUS MCDU page

77
Q

What happen when a/c enters a flight plan discontinuity ?

A

NAV mode automatically switch to HDG/TRK mode

A321 (25 decks)

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