Endocrine Flashcards
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
High calcium and PTH as excessive secretion
Due to cancer or hyperplasia
Treated by calcimimetics or surgery
Symps= fatigue, lethargy, anorexia, weakness, vom
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Low calcium and high PTH
Hyperplasia of glands so PTH elevated due to hypocalcaemia
Due to CKD or vit D deficiency
Tertiary Hyperparathroidism
High calcium and PTH
After secondary HPT
Can get adenoma
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Cause of primary HPT
Anterior Pituitary Lobe
Hypofunction due to tumours, trauma, infarct and inflam
Adenoma= prolactinoma, ACTH or GH secreting
Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
Common in young ppl
Asymp
Thyroiditis
Often due to sepsis
Cause by rupture
Chronic due to fibrosis
Thyroid Nodules
Large ones may compress trachea
Thyroid Tumours
Follicular, papillary, insular, anaplastic, medullary and lymphoma
Mets from renal call, melanoma, small cell lung, neuroendocrine, breast
Thryoxine vs TSH
Both low= pituitary failure
Low thyr and high TSH= unresponsive thyroid
High thyr and low TSH= cancer, nodule
Both high= pituitary gland overproduction and feedback fails
Adrenal Hypoplasia
Get cortical insufficiency
Symps= tired, weight loss, pigmentation, low glucose, abdo pain
Adrenal Hyperplasia
Deficiency of corticoid enzymes
Inherited
Genital ambiguity in females and advanced bone growth
Addison’s Disease
Primary adrenal cortical insufficiency as adrenals destroyed
Causes= AI or TB
Get hyperpigmentation, postural hypotension and hyponatraemia
Need steroid replacement
Adrenal Adenoma
Symps due to hyperfunction depending on aldosterone-producing (Conn’s) or cortisol-producing (Cushing’s)
Adrenal Carcinoma
Symps due to hormonal excess
Abdo mass
