Blood Markers Flashcards
ESR
Measures viscosity of serum
Plasma thicker in inflam
Takes a while to resolve
CRP
Made by liver in crisis
Detects cytokines
Useful acutely
Ferritin
Goes up in inflam
Fibrinogen
Goes up in inflam
Albumin
Down in inflam
Low in cirrhosis
C3+C4
Low in inflam as used up
ANA Abs
+ve in SLE, infection and elderly
dsDNA
Raised in SLE (sometimes)
Rheumatoid Factor
Ab against FC portion of IgG
Found in RA and chronic infections
Anti-CCP
Also raised in RA
ANCA
Ab for Wegener’s granulomatosis
Cytoplasmic or perinucleur
MHC
Same as HLA
Class I on nucleated cells
Class II on B cells
Alkaline Phosphotase
Raised in biliary tract damage
Made in liver, bone, intestine and placenta
Elevated in jaundice
ALT+AST
Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase
Released in cellular damage
ALT more liver specific
Elevated in Hep
Bilirubin
Total, unconjugated or conjugated
Made from Hb
Binds to albumin in blood
GGT
Gamma glytamyl transferase
Raised in biliary tract damage
Troponins
Rasied after 2 hours in MI, peak at 12, high for a week
Also raised in PE, LVF and myocarditis
Creatinine Kinase
Detectable 2 hours after MI
Normal in 3 days
Plasma Urea
Filtered at glomerulus
More reabsorbed at tubules if slow flow
Increased in GI bleed, trauma, AKI, obstruction
Plasma Creatinine
Conc increases as GFR decreases
Amount of change important
FBC
Hb conc, MCV, MCHb, WCC, platelet count
Coag Screen
Prothrombin
Thrombin
APTT
APTT
Prolonged in deficiency and inhibitor
Deficiency corrected by 50% normal plasma
