elm 8.1 Flashcards
what are the subtypes of mania?
hypomania
mixed episode
bpd subtypes
bp 1
bp 2
cyclothymia
other
in MDD, the amygdala is ____ with sad stimuli, but _____ with happy stimuli
overreactive
underreactive
activity is _____ in PFC during depressive phases and _____ during manic episodes
decreased
increased
monoamine hypothesis
dysfunction of serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission = root cause
what monoamines are used in mdd?
iproniazid
reserpine
Polymorphisms in _________________ increases the risk of depression by 20% ish
serotonin transporter (SERT)
Stronger association has been seen between depression and polymorphisms in the _______ transporter (DAT) and _______ receptor
dopamine
dopamine D4
Polymorphisms in several ______ genes have been linked to depression - include genes for mineralocorticoid receptor corticotrophin releasing hormone receptor, and FKBP5, which is a protein that modulates the sensitivity of the glucocorticoid receptor.
HPA axis
Relatively strong associations have been found between polymorphisms in the ____________ and major depressive disorder
G protein subunit beta 3
bipolar disorder genes
- Three genes in particular have been flagged by GWAS: ANK3, CACNA1C and TRANK1. ANK3 codes for ankyrin B, which is a protein involved in neuronal myelination. CACNA1C codes for a voltage sensitive calcium channel that is known to be expressed in the brain and which may have roles in both development and signalling. The final gene,TRANK1 is poorly understood. However, expression of its product is increased by mood stabilizers such as sodium valproate, perhaps offering clues as to the mechanism of action of these drugs in bipolar disorder. TRANK1 is also associated with schizophrenia.
Mr Tibbs has been feeling very low for the last month, with fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite and loss of interest in day to day activities. This has meant he has not been able to function in his job (police officer) and he has neglected his personal hygeine. However, over the last week his mood has brightened and his colleagues have noticed that he talks more than usual. He can now work very long hours without feeling fatigued and has cleared his case-load. His boss has gone from wanting to make him take sick leave, to thinking that he is the most efficient officer in his division. What is his most likely diagnosis?
a. Bipolar type 1 b. Bipolar type 2 c. Cyclothymia d. Major depressive disorder
b
Which of the following is NOT a subtype of bipolar disorder?
a. Type 1 b. Type 2 c. Cyclothymia d. Dysthymia
d
Which of the following is a depression severity rating scale based closely on DSM-5 symptoms criteria?
a. HDRS b. PHQ-9 c. QRISK d. WAIS
b
