elm 1.2

Question 1

GABA is most important transmitter in the

Answer 1

brain

Question 2

glycine is the most important transmitter in the

Answer 2

spinal cord

Question 3

GAD is a

Answer 3

good histochemical marker

Question 4

GABAa is ionotropic/metabotrophic

Answer 4

ionotropic

Question 5

GABAb is ionotropic/metabotrophic

Answer 5

metabotrophic

Question 6

Gat 2 or 3 does what

Answer 6

takes GABA to astrocyte

Question 7

____% of all CNS neurons are GABAergic

Answer 7

20

Question 8

GABA binding to GABAa receptors does what

Answer 8

increases chloride permeability

Question 9

what are some compounds that enhance GABAa receptor function?

Answer 9

sedatives, anxiolytics, anticonvulsants

Question 10

what are some compounds that decrease GABAa receptor function?

Answer 10

convulsants, anxiogenics

Question 11

what is ambient GABA

Answer 11

GABA that has leaked out of synapses

Question 12

what receptors can respond to ambient GABA? and what does this binding do?

Answer 12

extrasynaptic GABAa receptors
produces toxic inhibition

Question 13

GABAb receptors are found _________

Answer 13

pre- or post- synaptically

Question 14

family C G-couple protein receptors act to _____ voltage gated Ca2+ channels which in turn _____ transmitter release

Answer 14

inhibit
inhibit

Question 15

family c gpcr also ac to open ____ channels which ____ post-synaptic excitability

Answer 15

potassium
reduces

Question 16

family c gpcr also _____ adenylyl cyclase via ___

Answer 16

inhibit
Gi

Question 17

GlyR is a

Answer 17

cys-loop receptor

Question 18

what is the structure of glycine?

Answer 18

3 alpha
1 beta
subunits

Question 19

what are renshaw cells?

Answer 19

spinal cord interneurons

Question 20

renshaw cells are stimulated by collaterals from _______ _____ neurons

Answer 20

alpha motor

Question 21

renshaw cells ____ glycine onto ____ and ____ neurons

Answer 21

release
motor
inhibitory

Question 22

rendshaw cells have a ____ feedback regulation of motor neurons

Answer 22

negative

Question 23

____ is the most abundant neurotransmitter in the cns

Answer 23

glutamate

Question 24

glutamate is metabolized into ____ by _____

Answer 24

GABA
GAD

Question 25

EAAT (_________) mops up Glu into _____ and _____

Answer 25

excitatory amino acid transporter neurons and astrocytes

Question 26

ionotropic receptors have ___ (LGIC)

Answer 26

ligand gated ion channels

Question 27

metabotropic receptors have ____ (GPCR)

Answer 27

family c GPCRs

Question 28

family c GPCRs are linked by _____

Answer 28

c terminal tails

Question 29

which are faster? ionotropic or metabotropic receptors?

Answer 29

ionotropic

Question 30

ionotropic receptors have __ transmembrane domains and __ agonist binding sites

Answer 30

3 4

Question 31

how many groups of metabotropic receptors are there?

Answer 31

3

Question 32

what diseases are ionotropic receptors involved in?

Answer 32

schizophrenia, AD, parkinsons, stroke

Question 33

metabotropic receptors have a ____ domain at the ___ terminus

Answer 33

venus fly trap n

Question 34

AMPA receptors mediate ______

Answer 34

fast synaptic transmission

Question 35

AMPA receptors have ___ subunits, and each binds ___ but they need ___ to be occupied in order to be activated

Answer 35

4 glutamate 2

Question 36

Kainate receptors can act similarly to ___ receptors but are much _____ widespread, and can be found on ___ synaptic terminals

Answer 36

AMPA less pre

Question 37

kainate receptor permeability to Ca2+ is much ____ than some AMPA receptors

Answer 37

less

Question 38

NMDA receptors are very / not permeable to Ca2+

Answer 38

very

Question 39

NMDA receptors are blocked by ____ at ____

Answer 39

Mg2+ RMP

Question 40

when NMDA receptors are blocked by Mg, it leads to ____ which allows _____ and ____ the NMDA receptor

Answer 40

depolarization ion flux de-inactivates

Question 41

NMDA receptors need _____ or ______ as a coagonist

Answer 41

glycine D-serine

Question 42

what kind of receptor is a rich target for drugs?

Answer 42

NMDA receptors

Question 43

Acetylcholine is released through ____ dependent processes

Answer 43

Ca2+