elm 11.2

Question 1

Lots of problems with ether and cholorform - ehter is highly________ and cholorform is___________ and causes ____________

Answer 1

inflammable
hepatotoxic
cardiac dysrhytmias

Question 2

what are the 4 stages of anaesthesia?

Answer 2

induction / analgesia
excitement
surgical anaesthesia
anaesthetic overdose

Question 3

stage 1 anaesthesia

Answer 3

conscious but drowsy, reduced response to pain

Question 4

stage 2 anaesthesia

Answer 4

become delirious and hypersensitive to stimulation

increased gag reflex

concerns: choking, breath holding

important to limit time in stage 2

Question 5

stage 3 anaesthesia

Answer 5

desired stage for surgery

moving through planes - progressive shallowing of breathing and loss of msucle tone and reflexes

plane 3 is ideal state for surgery bc relaxation of abdominal and thoracic muscles

plane 4 results in apnea due to diaphragm paralysis

Question 6

stage 4 anaesthesia

Answer 6

medullar paralysis

cessation of respiration and loss of vasomotor control - without rapid intervention, patient will die

Question 7

minumum alveolar concentration is

Answer 7

potency

Question 8

oil:gas partition coefficient is

Answer 8

lipophilicity

Question 9

Fluidization - suggests that the membrane becomes____ stiff as anaesthetic accumulates in it - like the effect of unsaturated fatty acids in membrane lipids

Answer 9

less

Question 10

Volume expansion - suggests that the ________ of membrane alters - changes were presumed to affect the behaviour of the ________

Answer 10

thickness
ion channels

Question 11

Lipid theories: they explain drug action in terms of the________ of anaesthetic that accumulates in the membrane (which is related to lipid’s solubility)

Answer 11

AMOUNT