Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DATB > elm 7.2 > Flashcards

elm 7.2 Flashcards

1
Q

phenytoin is structurally related to _______. it stabilizes ________ channels in the _______ state. it’s effective against ______ and ___ seizures, and can worsen ____ and ____ seizures

A

barbiturates
voltage gated sodium
inactivated
tonic-clonic
partial
absence
myoclonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are some side effects of phenytoin?

A

teratogenic - birth defects
lupus
cerebellar atrophy
acne, hirsuitism
gingival overgrowth (gums)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

carbamazepine blocks _______ channels. it is the first line treatment for ____ seizures, and is useful in _____ seizures.

A

voltage-gated sodium
focal
tonic clonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

carbemazepine auto-induces ______, which is an enzyme that metabolizes it

A

CYP3A4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are some side effects of carbamazepine?

A

teratogenic
risk of lupus
worsens JME, absence seizures
cognitive problems, mood changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

lamotrigine is a _____ channel blocker, and is a first line treatment for ____ seizures. it is a second line treatment for ____ seizures. it can also be used to treat ________.

A

sodium
toni-clonic
absence
BPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lamotrigine side effects

A

sedation, sleep disturbances, rash
binds to eye pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in epilepsy, we have too much ___, and too little ___

A

excitation
inhibition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GAGAergic transmission is _____

A

inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

benzodiazepines potentiate actions of ____ receptors.

A

GABAa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

clobazam is an ____ medication that can be used to treat ____

A

adjunct
anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the side effects of benzodiazepines can be what

A

sedation, tolerance dependence
seizures on withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

barbiturates have a similar action to ______ but have worse side effects

A

benzodiazepines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tiagabine is a ___ inhibitor and is an adjuvant medication for ____ seizures. it can also be used for _____ and _____

A

GAT1
partial
panic attacks
neuropathic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are some side effects of tiagabine?

A

sedation, dizziness
paraesthesias (pins and needles)
provokes seizures in non-epileptic patients
overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

vigabatrin is an irreversible ____ inhibitor, and an ____ medication. it can also be used for ____ and ____

A

GABAt
adjuvant
addictions
panic attacks

17
Q

what are some side effects of vigabatrin?

A

visual disturbances
depression, psychosis, sedation
teratogenic actions

18
Q

what are the three forms of sodium valproate?

A

sodium valproate
valproic acid
mixture = valproate semisodium

19
Q

what are some valproate side effects?

A

liver toxicity
teratogenic - folic acid antagonist
cognitive changes, brain structure changes with long term use

20
Q

gabapentin/pregabalin has structures similar to _____, but it is believed to act on ___ subunits of ___ channels

A

GABA
alpha2gamma
calcium

21
Q

pregabalin increases ____ levels

A

GAD

22
Q

when one of the AA (leucine, isoleucine) is bound, ___ channel complex is brought up to cell surface. when gabapentin binds, calcium channel complex is retained within cell and _________. the effect of these drugs is to_________ the number of calcium channel complexes on the surface

A

calcium
broken down
decrease

23
Q

what are the side effects of gabapentin / pregabalin?

A

sedation / dizziness
suicidal thoughts
abuse potential
seizures upon withdrawal

24
Q

ethosuximide blocks ___ type calcium channels and is the first choice drug for ___ seizures

A

T
absnece

25
Q

ethosuximide lacks the ____ seen with valproate

A

liver toxicity

26
Q

leviteracetam can be used for ___, ____ and _____ seizures

A

focal
tonic-clonic
myoclonic

27
Q

leviteracetam reduces ___ release

A

NT

28
Q

what is a syndrome that can be a side effect of leviteracetam?

A

stevens-johnson syndrome

29
Q

topiramate is used as an ___ treatment for ____ and ____ seizures

A

adjunct
focal
tonic-clonic

30
Q

what kind of diet can help with epilepsy?

A

ketogenic

31
Q

epilepsy surgery

A

hemispherectomy
corpus callostomy

32
Q

what are some future treatments for epilepsy?

A

optogenetics - light gated channels or pumps to modify behaviour of neurons

DREADDs - designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs

33
Q

Which category of controlled drugs is gabapentin in, under the Misuse of Drugs Act?

a.	 Category A

b.	 Category B

c.	 Category C

d.	 Category D
A

c

34
Q

Which of the following drugs is likely to worsen absence seizures?

a.	 Carbamazapine

b.	 Ethosuximide

c.	 Lamotrigine

d.	 Sodium valproate
A

a

DATB (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions