elm 2.2

Question 1

what are the roles of ACh

Answer 1

arousal, learning and memory
knockouts reveal some functions

Question 2

what do pontine nuclei do?

Answer 2

arousal, sleep/wake

Question 3

nicotinic receptors are a family within the ______ superfamily

Answer 3

cys-loop receptor

Question 4

selective ligands have an agonist binding site that is____

Answer 4

highly conserved

Question 5

selective ligands have very few _____ or _____

Answer 5

selective agonists
competitive antagonists

Question 6

m current arises from ___2 gated ___ channels

Answer 6

PIP
k+

Question 7

m currents ________ the cell and ____ the RMP

Answer 7

hyperpolarizes
stabilizes

Question 8

the activation of m1, 3, 5 (Gq coupled) leads to ___

Answer 8

deletion of PIP2

Question 9

deletion of PIP2 does what

Answer 9

shuts off M current
cell becomes more excitable

Question 10

where is histamine found?

Answer 10

magnocellular neurons in the posterior hypothalamus and mast cells

Question 11

H1 antagonists are used widely therapeutically for ______

Answer 11

allergy, stings, etc..

Question 12

some h1 antagonists can cross the BBB to ________

Answer 12

produce marked sedation

Question 13

H2 receptors are therapeutic use for _________, but not much ____

Answer 13

ulcer treatment
BBB penetration

Question 14

neuropeptides must be synthesized in _____, and often are produced as ______ to be finished at the terminal

Answer 14

soma
protransmitter

Question 15

neuropeptides are stored in ____, and have a ___ dependent release

Answer 15

vesicles
Ca2+

Question 16

neuropeptides have postsynaptic actions on _____

Answer 16

g protein coupled receptors

Question 17

peptides often ____ with other ‘classical’ transmitters

Answer 17

coexist

Question 18

in the periphery, peptides ____ with ACh in ________ innervation of salivary glands

Answer 18

coexist
parasympathetic

Question 19

at low firing rates in the periphery, only _____ is released

Answer 19

ACh

Question 20

at high firing rates in the periphery what is released?

Answer 20

both ACh and VIP (peptides)

Question 21

adenosine can act as a _____

Answer 21

neurotransmitter

Question 22

adenosine is NOT _______

Answer 22

vesicular

Question 23

purine receptors can form heteromers with other family ___ and ___ GPCRs

Answer 23

A
C
(dopamine R, mGluR)

Question 24

purines may be more ______ than transmissive

Answer 24

protective

Question 25

melatonin is only made in the ______ from 5HT

Answer 25

pineal gland

Question 26

melatonin is ____ rather than transmitted, and this is driven by _______ from retinal input

Answer 26

secreted circadian light cycle

Question 27

NO is produced by the enzyme _________ and is controlled by intracellular ___ levels

Answer 27

nitric oxide synthase Ca2+

Question 28

nitric oxide has inhibitory and excitatory effects, through control of levels of _____

Answer 28

cGMP

Question 29

sometimes, nitric oxide is found as a ______ e.g. with ACh

Answer 29

co-transmitter

Question 30

nitric oxide has a role in ___/___ and _____

Answer 30

LTP/LTD neurotoxicity

Question 31

lipids are a diverse family of molecules formed from ____

Answer 31

arachidonic acid

Question 32

lipids are expressed throughout the ___ and ____

Answer 32

CNS PNS

Question 33

What are the specific receptors for lipids?

Answer 33

CB1 CB2

Question 34

what are the two main endocannabinoids

Answer 34

anandamide 2-arachidonoyl glyceral

Question 35

endocannabinoids are synthesized as needed from _____

Answer 35

membrane lipids