elm 5.2

Question 1

NSAID stands for

Answer 1

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Question 2

prostaglandin E2 does what

Answer 2

sensitization of nociceptors and many other functions

Question 3

COX-1 are ______ expressed

Answer 3

constitutively

Question 4

COX-2 are induced in ______ cells

Answer 4

damaged / infected

Question 5

COX-3 is a _____ variant of COX-1

Answer 5

splice

Question 6

beneficial NSAID activity = COX __

Answer 6

2

Question 7

side effects = COX __

Answer 7

1

Question 8

NSAIDs have actions similar to _____

Answer 8

aspirin

Question 9

the 3 main therapeutic roles of NSAID’s are what

Answer 9

antipyretic
analgesic
anti-inflammatory

Question 10

what does antipyretic mean

Answer 10

lowering body temp

Question 11

what does analgesic mean

Answer 11

reduce pain

Question 12

pyresis, aka ____

Answer 12

fever

Question 13

what is the difference between fever and hyperthermia?

Answer 13

fever - you feel cold, thermostat is increased

hyperthermia - you feel hot
heat production > loss
thermostat is not increased

Question 14

as an anti-pyretic action, thermostat is raised by _____ and ___ and your core temp is ____

Answer 14

interleukins
PGs
raised

Question 15

as an anti-pyretic action, aspirin inhibits _____ enzymes and there is _____ PG production. you sweat and vasodilate to ___ heat

Answer 15

COX
decreased
lose

Question 16

NSAIDs have both a lasting ____ and an ____ effect, which makes them particularly useful for the treatment of continuous or regular pain

Answer 16

analgesic
anti inflammatory

Question 17

celecoxib is selective for what

Answer 17

COX-2

Question 17

cox inhibition also confers _____ action

Answer 17

anti-pyretic

Question 18

most NSAIDs inhibit both ___ and ___

Answer 18

COX1 and 2

Question 19

for anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activity, COX__ is inhibited

Answer 19

2

Question 20

for GI issues, etc.. COX__ is inhibited

Answer 20

1

Question 21

ibuprofen is reversible / irreversible and non-competitive / competitive
it is also weakly COX___ selective

Answer 21

reversible
non-competitive
1

Question 22

what are some common side effects of using aspirin

Answer 22

inhibits platelet aggregation, prolongs clotting time
GI upsets
skin reactions
renal damage

Question 23

what are some uncommon side effects of aspirin?

Answer 23

aspirin and reyes syndrome
salicylism - symptoms of 8th cranial nerve damage, tinnitus, vertigo
cardiovascular effects - including MI/stroke

Question 24

paracetemol potentially only has ____ action, and it is an _____ analgesic, and not _______

Answer 24

central antipyretic anti inflammatoryu

Question 25

if paracetemol is taken at high doses, what can it be?

Answer 25

hepatotoxic in overdose, it is metabolized to a toxic metabolite - which causes liver necrosis

Question 26

antipyretic analgesics are used to - treat ____ pain - although there are many different chemical groups, all of them inhibit ____ enzymes - the inhibition of COX is ______ - they are useful _______ agents

Answer 26

mild COX antipyretic anti inflammatory

Question 27

what are the forms of neuropathic pain?

Answer 27

ongoing allodynia (non paintful stimulus produces pain) hyperalgesia (pain sensations are heightened)

Question 28

neuropathic pain is generally managed with ______ antidepressant or anti-______

Answer 28

tricyclic epileptics

Question 29

______ cream is licensed for the symptomatic relief of posterpetic neuralgia

Answer 29

capsaicin

Question 30

_____ can be used for local pain (neuropathic)

Answer 30

lidocaine

Question 31

cone snails with venom have a series of toxins that selectively target ____ receptors, voltage gated sodium channels, ___ channels, and possibly ___ channels

Answer 31

NAch receptors calcium potassium

Question 32

Which of the following isoforms of cyclooxygenase is constitutively expressed in human cells? a. COX-1 b. COX-2 c. COX-3

Answer 32

a

Question 33

Which of the following mediators increases body temperature during a fever? a. PGD2 b. PGE2 c. PGI2 d. PGF2

Answer 33

b

Question 34

Which brain region plays a key role in temperature regulation in mammals? a. Amygdala b. Anterior pituitary c. Hypothalamus d. Thalamus

Answer 34

c

Question 35

Mr Brown (age 72) has been taking aspirin for several years because he is at high risk of thrombosis. Which of the following side effects would be LEAST likely to be seen in this patient? a. Bronchospasm b. GI tract upsets c. Renal damage d. Reye's syndrome

Answer 35

d

Question 36

Which enzymes are responsible for the conversion of PGH2 to other biologically active prostaglandins? a. Cyclooxygenases b. Dehydrogenases c. Isomerases d. 5-Lipoxygenase

Answer 36

c

Question 37

Which of the following is a first-line treatment for neuropathic pain? a. Amitriptyline b. Codeine c. Ibuprofen d. Paracetamol

Answer 37

a

Question 38

What is the chemical nature of Prialt? a. Eicosanoid b. Monoamine c. Opioid d. Peptide

Answer 38

d