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DATB > elm 5.1 > Flashcards

elm 5.1 Flashcards

1
Q

nociception is our sense of ______, which leads to ____

A

tissue damage
pain

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2
Q

pain is the result of _____ and our _____ of them, so it has _____ peripheral and central elements

A

damaging processes
interpretation
both

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3
Q

what are the types of nociceptors?

A

thermal
mechanical
polymodal
silen

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4
Q

what are thermal nociceptors for?

A

hot or cold

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5
Q

what are mechanical nociceptors for?

A

squeezing, stretching, or penetrating the skin - sharp intense pain

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6
Q

what are polymodal nociceptors for?

A

dull, diffused burning type of pain

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7
Q

what are silent nociceptors for?

A

found in viscera, responding to (over) distension, swelling - intense poorly localized pain

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8
Q

heat sensing nociceptors use what kind of fibres?

A

Aδ(and some c fibres)

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9
Q

thermal sensors and nociceptors are part of the ____ family

A

TRP

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10
Q

TRPV3 and TRPc4 are activated at ____ temperatures, so are more _______-like, rather than nociceptive

A

normal
somatosensory

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11
Q

TRPA1 may also be activated by _____ such as garlic and radishes

A

chemicals

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12
Q

two neurotransmitters are in vesicles in DRG cells - ______ co-localized with the peptide ______

A

glutamate
substance p

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13
Q

depolarization induced by _____ is slow, and prolongs the action of glutamate.

A

substance P

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14
Q

substance P is broken down _____ and can act on neighbouring neurons

A

slowly

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15
Q

repetitive activation of ___ (but not ____) fibres causes increased excitability

A

C
Aδ

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16
Q

increased excitability so that firing of spinal cells may be increased in response to the same nociceptive input is called what

A

wind up

17
Q

___ fibres are myelinated, while ____ fibres are not

A

A
C
(getting an A means you’ve done well - fast)

18
Q

axons that make up the majority of the major central pathway - called - ________

A

the spinothalamic tract

19
Q

referred pain is what

A

the pain from something can be felt away from the site in which it’s originating
(heart attack being felt in the jaw)

20
Q

descending input to the PF (______) comes from the insula, _______, and the _____

A

periaqueductal grey
hypothalamus
amygdala

21
Q

evidence that there is top down modulation of pain comes from:
- ________ stimulation of PAG
- effect of _____
- PAG through LC and raphe, actions on _____ pathways to spinal cord

A

electrical
opioids
descending

22
Q

nociception reports _____ and ____ damage to the CNS

A

local
peripheral

23
Q

local _____ provide a good access point for pharmacological intervention

A

chemical mediators

24
Q

____ channel mutations can cause a life without pain

A

sodium

25
Q

FAAH-OUT mutation is associaed with the _____ system

A

endocannabinoid

26
Q

congenital pain insensitivity is an ______ mutation that causes genetic abnormalities where an individual doesn’t feel pain

A

autosomal recessive

27
Q

Which of the following TRP channels responds to menthol?

a.	 TRP1A

b.	 TRPM8

c.	 TRPV1

d.	 TRPV2
A

b
m8 u need a breath mint

28
Q

which TRP channel responds to camphor

A

TRPV3

29
Q

which TRP channel responds to capsaicin?

A

TRPV1

30
Q

Which of the following types of sodium channel is mutated in congenital pain insensitivity?

a.	 NaV1.3

b.	 NaV1.5

c.	 NaV1.7

d.	 NaV1.9
A

c

31
Q

Where does the spinothalamic tract cross the midline?

a.	 Medulla

b.	 Pons

c.	 Spinal cord

d.	 Thalamus
A

c

32
Q

Neurons from the peraqueductal grey matter form part of a descending control pathway that modulates nociception at the level of the spinal cord. Which two brain regions are also involved in this pathway?

a.	 Reticular formation and raphe nuclei

b.	 Raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus

c.	 Substantia nigra and raphe nuclei

d.	 Hippocampus and thalamus
A

b

33
Q

Which of the following fibre types conveys information about sharp pain?

a.	 Aα

b.	 Aγ

c.	 Aδ

d.	 C
A

c

34
Q

Which of the following is NOT a mast cell mediator?

a.	 ATP

b.	 Enkephalin

c.	 Histamine

d.	 Serotonin
A

b

35
Q

prostaglandins sensitize _______

A

nociceptors

36
Q

prostaglandins can enhance the effects of other pain-inducing substances, such as ____ and ____

A

bradykinin
histamine

37
Q

wind-up is a phenomenon where repeated stimulation of ____ fibres leads to _______

A

c
progressively increasing responses in spinal cord neurons

38
Q

Wind-up in C fibers is the process where repetitive stimulation leads to progressively ________ in spinal cord neurons,_________ pain sensitivity and contributing to chronic pain. This is mediated by the summation of excitatory signals and activation of______ receptors.

A

larger responses
enhancing
NMDA

DATB (24 decks)

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