elm 4.2

Question 1

pentylenetetrazol is used to __

Answer 1

induce seizures

Question 2

penicillin has _____ activity and is still widely used as a seizure _____ agent. it does not usually cross the bbb, but it does in _____, as the BBB is broken down by ______

Answer 2

anti-GABA
inducing
bacterial meningitis
inflammation

Question 3

bicuculline and gabazine are_____ receptor antagonists, to ____ seizures

Answer 3

GABAa
induce

Question 4

strychnine ____ seizures by acting as a ____ antagonist

Answer 4

induces
glycine

Question 5

glycine acts through a _____ ligand-gated ___ channel (similar to GABAa receptor channel)

Answer 5

pentameric
cl-

Question 6

nicotine acts on central _____

Answer 6

nACHRs

Question 7

nACHRs are heavily expressed in the ________, _____, and ____

Answer 7

cortex
hippocampus
ventral tegmentum

Question 8

nACHRs are located ________ and are ____________ channels

Answer 8

pre-and post-synaptically
ligand-gated cation

Question 9

nAChRs _______ transmitter release and increase _________

Answer 9

enhance
neuronal excitability

Question 10

nicotine both ________ the receptors AND induces _______

Answer 10

activates
desensitization

Question 11

nicotine _______ spinal reflexes, causing measurable ___________

Answer 11

inhibits
muscular relaxation

Question 12

what is the active ingredient in cannabis?

Answer 12

tetrahydrocannabinol

Question 13

what are some pharmacological effects of cananbis?

Answer 13

relaxation
sharpenede awanress
slowing down of time
analgesia

Question 14

An agonist at a CB receptor could be useful for the treatment of:

a.	 alcoholism

b.	 glaucoma

c.	 obesity

d.	 tobacco addiction

Answer 14

b

Question 15

The main effect of endocannabinoids is to:

a.	 inhibit the effects of neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane

b.	 inhibit the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic nerve terminal

c.	 potentiate the effects of neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic membrane

d.	 potentiate release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic nerve terminal

Answer 15

b

Question 16

Overdose of tetrahydrocannabinol is likely to produce:

a.	 drowsiness and confusion

b.	 liver damage

c.	 psychosis

d.	 respiratory failure

Answer 16

a

Question 17

Why does long term nicotine use increase the number of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors?

a.	 Nicotine has direct effects on the genes coding for nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

b.	 Nicotine is a partial agonist and so antagonises ACh

c.	 Nicotine causes receptor desensitisation

d.	 Nicotine up-regulates ACh esterase, compromising cholinergic transmission

Answer 17

c

Question 18

An antagonist of inhibitory glycine receptors is:

a.	 Bicuculline

b.	 D-serine

c.	 Muscimol

d.	 Strychnine

Answer 18

d

Question 19

Why might penicillin be injected into the cortex?

a.	 To cause the blood brain barrier to become more permeable

b.	 To induce seizures

c.	 To treat bacterial meningitis

d.	 To treat seizures

Answer 19

b

Question 20

A historical use of pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol) was to treat:

a.	 depression

b.	 diabetes

c.	 obesity

d.	 seizures

Answer 20

a

Question 21

What is the site of action of pentylenetetrazol?

a.	 5Ht2A receptors

b.	 GABAA receptors

c.	 Kainate receptors

d.	 NMDA receptors

Answer 21

b

Question 22

The subtype of nicotinic receptor thought to be involved in nicotine addiction is the:

a.	 2α1β1δε

b.	 2α12β1γ2

c.	 2α43β2

d.	 5α10

Answer 22

c

Question 23

What class of receptors do the endocannabinoids act on?

a.	 GPCRs

b.	 Ligand gated ion channels

c.	 Nuclear hormone receptors

d.	 Receptor tyrosine kinases

Answer 23

a