Effects of excercise on the cardiovascular system Flashcards
what are the short term effects of excercise on the cardiovascular system?
-increased heart rate (the muscles need more oxygen so the heart rate increases)
-increased stroke volume (during excercise more blood returns to the heart from the veins and blood pressure increases this causes stroke volume to increase)
-increased cardiac output (stroke volume and cardiac output are both increased)
-increased blood pressure (more blood flow as a result of increased stroke volume so theres higher blood pressure)
-increase in lactic acid in the blood (its a waste product of anaerobic excercise)
-increase in blood temperature (working muscles increase blood temperature when being pumped)
what are some long term effects of excercise on the cardiovascular system?
-cardiac hypertrophy
-stronger heart
-increased stroke volume
-increased cardiac output
-lower resting heart rate
-bradycardia
-capillerisation of heart and blood vessels
-less likely to have high blood pressure
-increase in number of red blood cells
-less likely to have CHD and heart attacks
what is the anticapatory rise?
when an athletes heart rate rises just before excercise due to adrenaline and nerves
why do a stronger heart, cardiac hypertrophy,increased stroke volume and increased cardiac output improve performance?
they all result in more blood being ejected out the heart so more oxygen is being delivered to working muscles so the athlete can respire and have better endurance
why do bradycardia or a lower resting heart rate improve performance?
the heart rate stays lower for longer so you can work at higher intensities before your heart rate peaks so the athlete will have better endurance
it also helps with a quicker recovery as the heart rate comes down faster
how does capillerisation of heart improve performance?
more gaseous exchange so more oxygen diffuses into the capillaries and more is taken to the working muscles
