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Physiology 1 > Drugs And The Kidney > Flashcards

Drugs And The Kidney Flashcards

1
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Increase urine output and may also increase electrolyte excretion

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2
Q

What are diuretics important in the treatment of?

A

Acute pulmonary oedema, heart failure and hypotension

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3
Q

What are the classes of diuretics?

A

CA inhibitors, loop, thiazide, potassium sparing, osmotic

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4
Q

Where do CA inhibitors work?

A

Proximal tubule

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5
Q

Where do loop diuretics work?

A

Ascending loop of henle

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6
Q

Where do thiazide diuretics work?

A

Distal tubule

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7
Q

Where do potassium sparing diuretics work?

A

Collecting duct

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8
Q

Where do osmotic diuretics work?

A

Everywhere

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9
Q

What is the CA inhibitors mechanism?

A

Inhibits CA

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10
Q

What is the Loop diuretics mechanism?

A

Blocks NaK2Cl

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11
Q

What is the thiazide diuretic mechanism?

A

Blocks NaCl cotransporter

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12
Q

What is the potassium sparing diuretics mechanism?

A

Blocks ENaC

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13
Q

What is an example of osmotic diuretic?

A

Mannitol

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14
Q

How do osmotic diuretics treat cerebral oedema?

A

Creates osmotic gradient for withdrawal of water from cerebrospinal fluid to plasma

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15
Q

Give an example of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

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16
Q

What is the net result of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

A

Decreased bicarbonate reabsorption

17
Q

Give an example of a loop diuretic

A

Frusemide

18
Q

Which are the most powerful diuretics?

A

Loop diuretics

19
Q

What do loop diuretics inhibit?

A

Sodium potassium chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending limb

20
Q

What are the side effects of loop diuretics?

A

Significant potassium loss -> hypokalaemia

21
Q

What do thiazide diuretics inhibit?

A

Sodium/chloride cotransporter in the distal tubule

22
Q

What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?

A

Potassium loss -> hypokalaemia and hypercalcaemia

23
Q

Where do potassium sparing diuretics act?

A

End of DCT and collecting duct

24
Q

What are the two examples of potassium sparing diuretics?

A

Amiloride and spironolactone

25
Q

How does amiloride work?

A

Blocks ENaC

26
Q

How does spironolactone work?

A

Aldosterone antagonist

27
Q

What is spironolactone used for?

A

Treat volume overload in heart failure

28
Q

What are thiazide diuretics used for?

A

Hypertension treatments at low doses

29
Q

What are loop diuretics used to treat?

A

Severe volume overload

30
Q

What are SGLT2 inhibitors used to treat?

A

Hyperglycaemia

Physiology 1 (65 decks)

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