Drugs And The Kidney Flashcards
(30 cards)
What do diuretics do?
Increase urine output and may also increase electrolyte excretion
What are diuretics important in the treatment of?
Acute pulmonary oedema, heart failure and hypotension
What are the classes of diuretics?
CA inhibitors, loop, thiazide, potassium sparing, osmotic
Where do CA inhibitors work?
Proximal tubule
Where do loop diuretics work?
Ascending loop of henle
Where do thiazide diuretics work?
Distal tubule
Where do potassium sparing diuretics work?
Collecting duct
Where do osmotic diuretics work?
Everywhere
What is the CA inhibitors mechanism?
Inhibits CA
What is the Loop diuretics mechanism?
Blocks NaK2Cl
What is the thiazide diuretic mechanism?
Blocks NaCl cotransporter
What is the potassium sparing diuretics mechanism?
Blocks ENaC
What is an example of osmotic diuretic?
Mannitol
How do osmotic diuretics treat cerebral oedema?
Creates osmotic gradient for withdrawal of water from cerebrospinal fluid to plasma
Give an example of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Acetazolamide
What is the net result of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
Decreased bicarbonate reabsorption
Give an example of a loop diuretic
Frusemide
Which are the most powerful diuretics?
Loop diuretics
What do loop diuretics inhibit?
Sodium potassium chloride cotransporter in the thick ascending limb
What are the side effects of loop diuretics?
Significant potassium loss -> hypokalaemia
What do thiazide diuretics inhibit?
Sodium/chloride cotransporter in the distal tubule
What are the side effects of thiazide diuretics?
Potassium loss -> hypokalaemia and hypercalcaemia
Where do potassium sparing diuretics act?
End of DCT and collecting duct
What are the two examples of potassium sparing diuretics?
Amiloride and spironolactone
