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Physiology 1 > Capillaries I - Solute Exchange > Flashcards

Capillaries I - Solute Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

What does metabolism create?

A

The need to transport solutes and fluids

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2
Q

Which molecules can get through the cell membrane and which need help?

A

Non polar molecules can get through easily and larger polar molecules need help

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3
Q

What are the four passive transport processes?

A

Diffusion
Convection
Osmosis
Electrochemical flux

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4
Q

What does diffusion rely on?

A

Concentration gradient

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5
Q

What does convection rely on?

A

Pressure gradient

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6
Q

What does osmosis rely on?

A

Osmotic pressure gradient

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7
Q

What does electrochemical flux rely on?

A

Electrical and chemical gradients

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8
Q

Give an example of convection transport

A

Blood flow from heart to blood vessels

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9
Q

Give an example of electrochemical flux

A

Ion flow across cell membranes

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10
Q

Where does solute and fluid exchange occur?

A

At capillaries

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11
Q

Where are capillaries in higher density?

A

In highly active tissues (muscles, liver, heart, kidney, brain)

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12
Q

What three things does rate of solute transport depend on?

A

Properties of passive diffusion, solutes and membranes and capillaries

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13
Q

What are the properties of passive diffusion?

A

Concentration, rate and distance

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14
Q

What are the properties of solutes and membranes described by?

A

Ficks law

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15
Q

What properties of the solute affect transport?

A

Concentration gradient, size of solute and lipid solubility of the solute

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16
Q

What are the properties of the membrane that affect transport?

A
  • membrane thickness/ composition
  • aqueous pores in the membrane
  • carrier mediated transport
  • active transport mechanisms
17
Q

What is ficks law? (Description)

A

A mathematical concept that shows the properties of solutes and membranes affecting transport

(Essentially how much of a substance is transported per unit time)

18
Q

What are the three types of capillaries called?

A

Continuous, fenestrated and discontinuous

19
Q

What are the features of a continuous capillary?

A
  • moderate permeability; tight gaps between neighbouring cells; constant basement membrane
20
Q

What are the features of a fenestrated capillary?

A
  • high water permeability, fenestration structures and modest disruption of membrane
21
Q

What are the features of a discontinuous capillary?

A
  • very large fenestration structures and a disrupted membrane
22
Q

Give some examples of a continuous capillary

A

Blood-brain barrier

Muscle, skin, fat and connective tissue

23
Q

Give some examples of a fenestrated capillary

A

High water turnover tissues like salivary glands, kidneys, eyes and gut mucosa

24
Q

Give some examples of a discontinuous capillary

A

When movement of cells is required; RBCs in liver, spleen and bone marrow

25
Q

What are the layers of a capillary?

A

(From inside out)

Cellular membrane, single layer of endothelial cells, a cellular basement membrane made of connective tissue

26
Q

How do you get into the capillary?

A

Either go through the cells or between them

27
Q

What are the three main properties of capillaries?

A

Intercellular cleft, caveolae and vesicles and glycocalyx

28
Q

How wide are the intercellular clefts?

A

10-20nm wide

29
Q

What are caveolae and vesicles?

A

It’s a large pore system (exo and endocytosis)

30
Q

What is the glycocalyx?

A

Covers endothelium and its negatively charged. Blocks solute permeation and access to transport mechanisms, it’s highly regulated

31
Q

What is permeability?

A

The rate of solute transfer by diffusion across unit area of membrane per unit concentration difference

32
Q

How does blood flow control diffusion rate?

A

More blood brings more solutes. Increased blood volume means less time for equilibration to occur across capillaries

33
Q

How does a fall in interstitial concentration control diffusion rate?

A

During metabolism more solute is used up, which means there is a bigger concentration difference.
Metabolism increases blood flow

34
Q

How does capillary recruitment control diffusion rate?

A

Dilation of arterioles leads to increased number of capillaries per fused which increases total surface area for diffusion.

Physiology 1 (65 decks)

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