DM epedimiology,aetiology and patio physiology W1 Flashcards
What is type one diabetes?
Insulin dependent
What is type two diabetes?
insulin independent
What is secondary diabetes?
1-2% of new new cases are secondary diabetes
There is a known underlying cause and treating the course can remove the diabetes
Examples can include liver disease, pancreatic disease, endocrine disease and drug induced disease
What is gestational diabetes?
Diabetes during pregnancy, usually in the second or third trimester
Affects 3 to 4% of pregnancies
Caused by insulin resistance
Usually managed by diet, but may need insulin
Risk of large birth weight baby
Usually return to normal following delivery
epidemiology of diabetes
Worldwide in 2017 there was 425 million cases and this will rise to 629 million cases by 2045
There is still up to 1,000,000 people diagnosed in the UK alone
One person is diagnosed every two minutes
Epidemiology of type one diabetes
Accounts for 8% of all patients with diabetes
It is highest in Caucasians
It is lowest in Japan and Pacific areas
It can present any age but prominently a disease of childhood peeking at puberty
Epidemiology of type two diabetes
It is more common than type one accounting for 90% of all patients with diabetes
It increases with age and obesity
African/Caribbean or 3 to 4 times more at risk
Aetiology of type one diabetes
Autoimmune diseases
Immune system attacks beta cells in pancreas that make insulin
Certain genes increase the risk of T1 DM = HLA
Viral infections too
Aetiology of type two diabetes
Stronger genetic relationship than type one - genes alone don’t cause T2 DM
Obesity occurs in 80% of people - lifestyle is a major contributor
Cells are less sensitive to insulin
What is metabolic syndrome?
A combination of medical disorders and when occurring together, they increase the risk of CVD and type two diabetes
- Increased blood pressure
- Increased blood glucose
- Increased central abdominal obesity
- Increased cholesterol
Pathophysiology of diabetes
T1 - insulin deficiency
T2 - insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction
What is epidemiology
how diseases affect populations
What is aetiology
cause or origin of a disease.
What is pathophysoiology
how the disease develops and affects the body at the biological level.
