Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Theriogenology > Diseases of the Bull > Flashcards

Diseases of the Bull Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles need to be relaxed in order for an erection to occur in a bull?

A

Retractor muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Do bulls have a small or large corpus spongiosum?

A

Small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Do bulls have a small or large corpus cavernosum?

A

Large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 3 juvenile conditions of the penis and prepuce seen in bulls?

A
  • Penile papilloma (warts)
  • Penile hair rings
  • Persistent frenulum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the etiology of penile papilloma (warts) in bulls?

What are 2 ways it can be introduced to bulls?

A
  • Bovine papilloma virus

- Homosexual riding among young bulls and wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 3 clinical signs that can be seen with penile papilloma (warts)?

A
  • Scant hemorrhage after coitus
  • Hesitancy to extend penis or breed
  • Usually single, pedunculate growth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment for penile papilloma (warts) in bulls?

A

Surgical excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 4 components of surgical treatment for penile papilloma (warts)?

A
  • Towel clamp
  • Tourniquet
  • Local anesthetic
  • 10 Fr. male dog catheter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are 2 complications that can be seen with penile papilloma (warts)?

A
  • Recurrence

- Urethral injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What part of the penis was a ligament that can be clamped on to with a tool clamp to help secure it?

A

Dorsal portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the etiology for penile hair rings?

How can they occur?

A
  • Body hair accumulation on penis

- Homosexual riding among young bulls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for penile hair rings?

A

Remove the hair ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are 2 complications that can be seen with penile hair rings?

A
  • Necrosis of urethra which can lead to a fistula

- Amputation of glans penis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the etiology of the persistent frenulum?

A

Incomplete separation of the penis and prepuce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Can a penis be extended with a persistent frenulum?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does a penis with a persistent frenulum deviate?

A

Ventral deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you diagnose a persistent frenulum?

A

Physical exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you treat a persistent frenulum?

A

Surgical excision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are 3 components of surgical treatment for a persistent frenulum?

A
  • Towel clamp
  • Local anesthetic
  • Suture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is persistent frenulum a heritable condition?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the minimal required motility for bulls?

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are 3 conditions that can lead to preputial trauma and/or laceration?

A
  • Excessive pendulous sheath
  • Excessive preputial length
  • Large preputial orifice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 3 components to diagnosing preputial trauma or lacerations?

A
  • Swelling of sheath
  • History
  • Clinical signs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are 3 differentials for preputial trauma or laceration?

A
  • Hematoma
  • Retropreputial abscess
  • Urethral rupture
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which type of cattle is more prone to preputial trauma and lacerations, Bos indices or Bos taurus?
Bos indicus
26
When examining sheath conformation, the sheath should be above a line horizontal to the ground between what two body parts on the bull?
Between the carpus and tarsus.
27
What are 6 steps to how a preputial laceration can occur in a bull?
- Excess prepuce forced caudally during intromission - Forms collar tissue - Trapped between bull's abdomen and cow's bony pelvis - Laceration on ventral surface occurs during ejaculatory lunge - Lacerates longitudinal to long axis of prepuce - Heals transversely as bull retracts penis
28
What are 2 treatment options for a preputial laceration?
- Medical | - Surgical
29
What are 3 forms of conservative therapy for preputial lacerations in bulls?
- Clean damaged tissues - Emollient ointment - Bandaging and slings
30
What are 3 ingredients used in an emollient ointment for the treatment of preputial lacerations?
- 2 g tetracycline powder - 60 mL scarlet oil - 500 g anhydrous lanolin
31
What are 3 pre-surgical therapies for preputial lacerations?
- Reduce edema - Emollient ointment - Prophylactic antibiotics
32
What are 3 ways to reduce edema with preputial lacerations?
- Hydrotherapy - Pressure bandage - Slinging prepuce with burlap material
33
What are 3 surgical options for the management of preputial lacerations?
- Resection and anastomosis (circumcision) - Amputation of affected prepuce - Preputial reconstruction
34
What are 4 keys to successful treatment of preputial lacerations with resection and anastomosis?
- Aseptic technique - Hemostasis - Avoid urine contamination - Keep tissue happy
35
How long should bulls be sexually rested post-op after resection and anastomosis surgery for preputial lacerations?
60-120 days
36
What is the guideline for the maximum amount of prepuce that can be removed via resection and anastomosis?
Remaining prepuce should be a minimum of 1 1/2 times the length of the free portion of the penis.
37
What can be used for preputial amputation?
Plastic ring
38
What are 4 aspects of using a plastic ring for preputial amputation?
- Polyvinyl tubing placed into preputial prolapse - Ligating sutures - Amputate prepuce - Remove ring in 2 weeks
39
What is the minimal require normal morphology for bulls?
70%
40
Are penile hematomas more common in Bos indices or Bos taurus? Specifically what breed?
- Bos taurus | - Herefords
41
When are penile hematomas more common during the breeding season?
Early or late in breeding season
42
How do penile hematomas usually occur?
- Bull misses vagina on breeding thrust - Penis hits rear of cow or cow slips or goes down under weight of bull - Penis bends rapidly
43
How much pressure is required to rupture the tunica albuginea of the penis of a bull?
75,000 mmHg
44
Where is the rupture usually located with a penile hematoma? What muscle inserts here?
- Ruptures at dorsal aspect of distal bend of sigmoid flexure. - Insertion of retractor penis muscle
45
What are 2 clinical signs seen with a penile hematoma?
- Swelling in sheath immediately cranial to base of scrotum | - Usually symmetrical swelling
46
What are 3 ways to diagnose a penile hematoma?
- History - Physical exam - Location and size of swelling
47
What are 2 forms of treatment for a penile hematoma?
- Conservative/medical | - Surgical
48
How long should a bull be sexually rested for with a penile hematoma?
At least 60 days
49
What are 2 forms of medical treatment for a penile hematoma?
- Systemic antibiotics | - Hydrotherapy
50
What percentage of bulls return to service after a penile hematoma?
50%
51
When should surgery be performed for a penile hematoma? | If done in this time frame, what percent return to service?
- 3 to 7 days after injury | - 80%
52
Bulls treated surgically for penile hematomas should be sexually rested for how many days?
Minimum of 60 days
53
What is a suture pattern that can be used to surgically repair a penile hematoma?
Bootlace pattern
54
Where is a common location for a preputial avulsion?
Prepuce torn from connection to free portion of penis.
55
Preputial avulsions can be seen when what type of breeding tool is used?
AV injury
56
What are 3 types of penile deviations seen in bulls?
- S-shaped deviation - Rainbow/ventral deviation - Corkscrew or spiral deviation
57
What type of penile deviation can happen when the apical ligament is too short?
S-shaped deviation
58
What type of penile deviation can happen when the apical ligament is too long?
Rainbow/ventral deviation
59
What type of penile deviation can happen when the apical ligament cannot be maintained in a normal position?
Corkscrew or spiral deviation
60
How can penile deviations be diagnosed?
Test mating
61
What is a treatment for penile deviation?
Surgery
62
What is the most common sex gland to get infections in a bull?
Vesicular glands
63
Is vesiculitis more common in younger or older bulls?
Young bulls
64
What are 3 common bacterial causes of vesiculitis in bulls?
- B. abortus - A. pyogenes - H. somnus
65
What are 2 clinical signs of vesiculitis that can be detected on palpation?
- Painful | - Loss of lobulation
66
How is vesiculitis diagnosed?
Collection and stain diff-quick to look for WBCs.
67
What is a type of antibiotic that can be used to try to treat vesiculitis?
Tetracyclines
68
Is epididymitis more commonly unilateral or bilateral?
Unilateral
69
Epididymitis can often be seen with what 2 other conditions?
- Vesiculitis | - Orchitis
70
What are 3 clinical signs seen with epididymitis?
- Swollen - Painful early in disease - Small, hard, misshapen
71
What are 2 type of bacteria that can cause epididymitis?
- A. pyogenes | - B. abortus
72
How can epididymitis be diagnosed?
Collect a sample and use diff-quick to look for WBCs
73
What type of antibiotic can be used for epididymitis?
Tetracyclines

Theriogenology (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions