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Theriogenology > Canine Breeding Management > Flashcards

Canine Breeding Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first stepping stone in breeding management in canines?

A

Identify 1st day of vulvar discharge and start counting until day 18.

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2
Q

What is the second stepping stone in breeding management in canines?

A

Start 3-4 days after proestrus starts or when vaginal cornification (superficial cells) make up 50% of the cells to perform diagnostic blood work.

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3
Q

What is the third stepping stone in breeding management of canines?

A

Identify 1st day of standing estrus (Day 9)

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4
Q

When does LH peak in the dog?

A

24-48 hours into estrus

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5
Q

What causes the LH peak in dogs?

A

Estrogen peak during proestrus

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6
Q

Does LH have a short or long peak duration in dogs?

A

Very short peak duration

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7
Q

How often should LH be assayed in order to detect the peak rise in dogs?

A

Daily

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8
Q

When does ovulation occur in the dog?

When is this in relation to estrus?

A
  • 24-48 hours after the LH surge

- Day 3-4 of estrus

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9
Q

About how long does ovulation take to complete in the dog?

A

About 24 hours

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10
Q

What is ovulated in the dog?

A

Primary oocyte (2N)

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11
Q

What has to occur after ovulation in a dog in order for fertilization to occur?

A

Primary oocyte (2N) must go through further meiotic division to a secondary oocyte (1N)

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12
Q

How long does it take for a primary oocyte to divide to a secondary oocyte in the dog?

A

2-3 days

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13
Q

How long is the secondary oocyte viable for in the dog?

A

3-4 days

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14
Q

What is the modern standard for breeding management used for assessing when to breed in the dog?

A

Progesterone (P4)

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15
Q

When should progesterone samples be taken in the dog?

A

Every other day (M-W-F)

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16
Q

An initial rise in P4 coincides with what?

A

LH peak

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17
Q

A progesterone level of what coincides with the LH peak?

A

2 ng/mL

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18
Q

A progesterone level of what coincides with ovulation starting?

A

5 ng/mL

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19
Q

Ovulation can be confirmed when progesterone is at what level?

A

Greater than 15 ng/mL

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20
Q

What happens to progesterone levels post-ovulation?

A

Become elevated and stay elevated

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21
Q

A rise in progesterone of 3 ng/mL in 24 hours coincides with what event?

A

Ovulation

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22
Q

Failure to confirm ovulation can lead to what 3 results?

A
  • Conception failure
  • Small litter
  • Inaccurate due date determination
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23
Q

When should a dog be bred after P4 levels have reached 5 ng indicating ovulation if dealing with natural or shipped semen?

A

48-96 hours later

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24
Q

If using frozen semen, when should a dog be bred after P4 levels reach 5 ng?

A

72 hours

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25
Q

How long do embryos remain in the oviduct after ovulation?

A

9-10 days after ovulation

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26
Q

Embryos enter the uterus as what?

A

Late morula or early blastocyst

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27
Q

How long are canine oocytes good for post-ovulation?

A

Up to 108 hours

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28
Q

When is the fertile period in relation to ovulation?

A

-5 to +5 days

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29
Q

When is the fertilization period in relation to ovulation?

A

+2 to +5 days

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30
Q

When is the peak fertility time in relation to ovulation?

A

-1 to +4

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31
Q

When is the preferred time for natural service or fresh insemination in relation to ovulation?

A

0 to +4

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32
Q

When is the preferred time for frozen semen insemination or breeding where semen quality is not optimal in relation to ovulation?

A

+2 to +4

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33
Q

If the availability of the male and female is unlimited, when should breeding take place?

A

Every 2-3 days until female is no longer standing

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34
Q

How long can canine spermatozoa be good for in the genital tract of the female with natural cover?

A

Up to 6 days

35
Q

There are higher conception rates and larger litter sizes with what type of breeding method?

A

Natural breeding

36
Q

What is an assay that comes in an in-house kit that can be used in conjunction with a progesterone assay?

A

LH assay

37
Q

Which is more definitive, an LH assay or a progesterone assay?

A

LH assay

38
Q

What is a disadvantage to using an LH assay?

A

Must take daily blood samples

39
Q

Gestation length in the dogs is defined as how many days?

A

63 days

40
Q

Why do spayed animals have a high LH?

A

No negative feedback

41
Q

What corresponds to the LH peak?

A

Initial rise in P4

42
Q

When should be female be bred in relation the LH peak?

A

4 to 6 days after the LH peak

43
Q

A male should have what value of progressively motile sperm for breeding?

A

200 x 10^6

44
Q

Normal sperm morphology should be what percentage in the male used for breeding?

A

80%

45
Q

Sperm motility should be what percent in the male dog used for breeding?

A

80%

46
Q

A male dog to be used for breeding should be negative for what bacteria?

A

Brucella canis

47
Q

What are 2 tools that can be used for measuring scrotal width?

A
  • US

- Calipers

48
Q

Be careful not to include what when measuring the testes?

A

Epididymis

49
Q

What else should be evaluated other than scrotal width?

A

Symmetry

50
Q

What are 3 possible means of semen collection in the dog?

A
  • Manual stimulation and ejaculation
  • Chemical ejaculation
  • Electro-ejaculation
51
Q

What is the most commonly used method for semen collection in the dog?

A

Manual stimulation and ejaculation

52
Q

What is a method of semen collection that can be used in conjunction with manual stimulation?

A

Chemical ejaculation

53
Q

Which method of semen collection may increase spermatozoa numbers?

A

Chemical ejaculation

54
Q

What type of semen collection method requires general anesthesia?

A

Electro-ejaculation

55
Q

What type of semen collection method may have urine contamination?

A

Electro-ejaculation

56
Q

Where should the hand of the collector be placed with manual collection?

A

Caudal to the bulbous glandis

57
Q

How many fractions does canine sperm have?

What are they?

A
  • 3

- Pre-sperm, sperm rich, prostatic portion

58
Q

How many sperm may be collected per ejaculate with manual collection?

A

300 million to 2 billion

59
Q

How much oxytocin is given for chemical ejaculation and when?

A
  • 5 IU SQ or IM

- 5-10 minutes prior to manual stimulation

60
Q

How much prostaglandin F2a is given for chemical ejaculation and when?

A
  • 0.1 mg/kg SQ or IM

- 15 minutes prior to manual stimulation

61
Q

Why are oxytocin and prostaglandin F2a used for chemical ejaculation?

A

The myofibril cells of the epididymal duct are smooth muscle cells so these cells may respond to them.

62
Q

What is the volume range for fraction 1 in mL?
Fraction 2?
Fraction 3?

A
  • 0.5-5
  • 1-4
  • 1-80
63
Q

What color typically is fraction 1?
Fraction 2?
Fraction 3?

A
  • Clear
  • Opalescent
  • Clear
64
Q

Which fraction of ejaculate is the sperm-rich fraction?

A

Fraction 2

65
Q

What is the breeding dose of spermatozoa for the dog?

A

200 x 10^6 spermatozoa

66
Q

What are the 3 groups of morphology sperm can be assigned to?

A
  • Normal
  • Primary abnormality
  • Secondary abnormality
67
Q

A fertile dog should be greater than what percentage morphologically normal?

A

Greater than 80%

68
Q

What volume of semen is typically used for AI in a dog?

A

2 to 4 mL with 200 x 10^6 motile normal spermatozoa

69
Q

What must be avoided when using a catheter for AI?

A

Going into the bladder

70
Q

Canine semen should be extended in what ratio with commercial extender?
When should this be done?

A
  • 1:1 to 1:4

- After centrifugation to remove excess fluids

71
Q

How is canine semen usually frozen?

A

On dry ice in pellets or straws

72
Q

The average dog may fill how many pellets per dose?

How many doses per ejaculate?

A
  • 10-12 pellets per dose

- 3+ doses per ejaculate

73
Q

How are frozen semen pellets thawed?

A

In warm extender

74
Q

How much semen is frozen if a straw is used?

A

100 x 10 ^6 sperm per 0.5 mL straw

75
Q

A dose for frozen semen should be what per insemination?

A

About 150 x 10^6 motile sperm per insemination

76
Q

What are 2 methods for using AI with frozen semen?

A
  • Trans-cervical

- Surgical method

77
Q

Where should frozen semen be placed in the female with AI?

A

Uterine body

78
Q

Where is the external cervical opening located?

A

Cranial ventral portion of the dorsal vaginal fold

79
Q

If vaginal strictures or bands are present in the female, where do they tend to be?

A

Around the vestibulo-vaginal area

80
Q

What might be necessary if a female has vaginal strictures or bands?

A
  • AI

- C-section

81
Q

Are vaginal strictures or bands considered a heritable trait or a developmental defect?

A

No

82
Q

What is the term used for when 2 males breed the same female during a single estrus?
Does this happen in the dog?

A
  • Superfecundation

- Yes

83
Q

What is the term for when a female may be bred and get pregnant and then do through another receptive period (different estrus) and get pregnant again?
Does this happen in the dog?

A
  • Superfetation

- No

Theriogenology (37 decks)

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