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NAPLEx > Dietary Supplements, Natural and Complementary Medicine > Flashcards

Dietary Supplements, Natural and Complementary Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Supplement safety

A

manufacturer’s responsibility, FDA can remove a supplement if it is found to be unsafe

in contrast, drugs must be proven safe and effective to the FDA

supplement can not make a claim to treat, cure, or mitigate (lessen) a condition- while drugs can

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2
Q

supplement facts label

A

similar to food products
- ingredient, quantities, serving size, serving/containers
- calories, calories from fat, total fat, and saturated fat
- cholesterol, sodium, carbs, dietary fiber, sugar, protein
- vitamin A, C, Ca, Fe

when present in measurable amounts

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3
Q

OTC drugs facts label

A
  • ingredients, purpose, uses
  • warning, instructions, excipients
  • how to avoid an allergic reaction

otc drugs can have a package insert like rx

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4
Q

info on natural meds

A

general drug references
natural medicine database

united states pharmacopeia (USP) establishes standards for dietary supplements

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5
Q

label updates
folic acids 600mcg DFE

A

folic acid 600mcg DFE= 360mcg of folic acid daily, the RDA for women in child-bearing years

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6
Q

St. John’s Wort

A

inducer! so many Cyps
- do not use w/ oral contraceptives transplant drugs, and warfarin

serotonergic- do not use w/ MOA and be careful w/ SSRIs and SNRIs

can cause photosensitivity so use sun protection and avoidance

may lower seizure threshold- so be careful w/ other seizure-lowering drugs (bupropion, quinolones, tramadol, penicillins, carbapenems)

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7
Q

supplements that increase bleed risk

A
  • 5G’s- garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, and glucosamine
  • fish oils (at high doses)
  • Vitamine E
  • Dong quai
  • Willow bark (salicylate)- do not give with anticoagulants, especially warfarin!
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8
Q

supplements w/ risk of liver tox

A
  • black cohosh (used for menopausal symptoms)
  • Kava (used for stress/anxiety)
  • Chaparral, comfery
  • green tea “extract” may be a health concern…
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9
Q

supplements w/cardo risk tox

A
  • Ephedra- was removed from market due to cardiac risk
  • Bitter orange (citrus aurantium or synephrine) replaced ephedra in many products
    —-> are stimulants w/ dose-dependent cardio tox, increase BP and HR. Reports of MI, stroke, and arrhythmias
  • DMMA (dimethylamylamine)- used in Body building, or performance enhancement, increase BP and HR
  • licorice containing glycyrrhizin- in excess can lower K and increased BP
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10
Q

Caffeine

A
  • weight lose, energy boost, body built
  • green tea”extract” w/ various unknown content

benefit
- increase alert, manage weight, tx headaches
- Green tea- at reasonable levels, lower LDL, TG

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11
Q

medical food

A

not med or supplement- compounds to meet nutritional needs.
taken generally, under supervision of Healthcare provider, intend to tx condition.

Ex: l-methyfolate form folate (deplin) used for depression

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12
Q

anxiety

A
  • valerian
  • passionflower
  • kava
  • st. john’s wort
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13
Q

ADHD

A

Omega-3 fatty acids

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14
Q

cold sores (aphthous ulcers/ canker sores)

A

L-lysin

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15
Q

cold and flu

A
  • Echinacea
  • zinc
  • vitamin C
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16
Q

Dementia/ memory

A

Ginkgo
Vitamin E

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17
Q

depression

A

St. John’s Wort
SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) used for depression, osteoarthritis

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18
Q

Diabetes

A
  • alpha lipoic acid
  • chromium
  • cassia cinnamon
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19
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

Red yeast rice
omega-3 fatty acids

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20
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Calcium
Manesium

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21
Q

Energy/ Weight Loss

A

Bitter orange (synephrine)
Caffeine
Guarana, green tea powder

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22
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

ginseng
L-arginine
Yohimbe

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23
Q

HF, heart health general

A

Coenzyme Q10
hawthorn- positive inotrope, avoid concurrent use w/ digoxin (additive effective)
Omega-3 fatty acids

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24
Q

Hypertension

A

Omega-3 fatty acids
L-arginine
Coenzyme Q10
garlic

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25
Q

GI

A

Fiber
chamomile
probiotics

26
Q

Inflammation

A

Omega-3 fatty acids
flax seeds/oil
turmeric

27
Q

insomnia/sleep

A

melatonin- QHS, and to help prevent/treat jetlag (0.5-2mg pre-flight) and higher doses 5mg post-flight

Valerian
Chamomile

28
Q

Liver disease

A

Milk thistle

29
Q

menopause

A

black cohosh
Dong quai
evening primrose oil
soy, red clover

30
Q

migraine, prophylaxis

A

feverfew
butterbur
mag
riboflavin (B2)

31
Q

motion sickness

A

ginger, peppermint

32
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

glocasamine
chondroitoin
SAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine) used for depression, osteoarthritis

33
Q

Osteoporosis

A

calcium
vitamin D
soy

34
Q

prostate health

A

saw palmetto
lycopene

35
Q

skin conditions

A

tea tree oil

36
Q

UTI

A

cranberry

37
Q

vitamin A

A

retinol

38
Q

vitamin B1

A

thiamine

39
Q

Vitamin B2

A

riboflavin

40
Q

Vitamin B3

A

Niacin

41
Q

Vitamin B6

A

pyrodoxine

42
Q

vitamin B9

A

folic acid

43
Q

vitamin B12

A

cobalamin

44
Q

Vitamin C

A

ascorbic acid

45
Q

Vitamin D2

A

ergocalceferol

46
Q

Vitamin D3

A

cholecalciferol

47
Q

Vitamin E

A

alpha-tacopherol

48
Q

drug and nutrition depletion
antiepileptics

A

calcium

49
Q

drug and nutrition depletion
amphotericin B

A

mag, K

50
Q

drug and nutrition depletion
isoniazide

A

B6

51
Q

drug and nutrition depletion
loop diuretics

A

K

52
Q

drug and nutrition depletion
metformin

A

B12

53
Q

drug and nutrition depletion
methotrexate

A

folate

54
Q

drug and nutrition depletion
orlistat

A

beta-carotene, fat-soluble vitamines- A, D, E, and K

55
Q

drug and nutrition depletion
PPI

A

mag, vitamin b12

56
Q

conditions w/recommended supplement
OH

A

Vitamin B1

57
Q

conditions w/recommended supplement
goiter

A

Iodine

58
Q

conditions w/recommended supplement
Microcytic anemia

A

ferrous sulfate

59
Q

conditions w/recommended supplement
macrocytic anemia

A

B12 and/or folate

60
Q

conditions w/recommended supplement
prego

A

folate, Ca, vitamin D, Pyridoxine (for nausea)

61
Q

conditions w/recommended supplement
osteopenia/osteoporosis

A

Ca and vitamin D

62
Q

CKD

A

vitamin D

NAPLEx (75 decks)

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