compounding II: equipment, stabilty & exccipients Flashcards
hypodermic (paranteral)
sterile compounding syringes
syringes are commonly used for sterile compounding to transfer drugs and additives into IV bags
luer lock
luer lock tip is designed to screw into leur lock connectors on pt’s IV access catheter or onto a needle
oral syringes
ONLY for oral use!, or NG tube but orally!
place sticker that says for oral use!
use syringe that prevents connection to IV port
oral syringe- birth color plungers/cap
clear communication of route
Class III (class A) torsion balance
have internal weights, which are used to weigh <1 gram and when weighing >1 g external weights are added to the pan
sensitivity requirement
- torsion balance
torsion balances have a sensitivity requirement (SR), most often 6mg, meaning 6mg can be added or removed before dials moves 1 division
minimum weighable quantity (MWQ)
- torsion balance
calculated based on SR and
acceptable error rate (typically 0.05 or 5%)
MWQ= SR/acceptable error rate
wetting agents
reduces surface tension between a liquid and solid to permit the substance to more easily spread
levigating agents can be referred to as wetting agents
emulsifiers
emulsion, two or more liquids which are not able to blend together (immiscible)
emulsifiers help keep the liquid droplets dispersed throughout the liquid vehicle
prevent to liquid from separating
suspending agents
solid dispersed in liquid, suspending agents help keep solid particles from settling- don’t keep this for long so suspension must be shaken to redisperse
levigating agent
make particles smaler
such as glycerin or mineral oil aid in the grinding. mineral oil commonly used for levigating for lipophilic compounds. glycerin for aqueous
foaming agents
lower surface tension of water
- ex detergents
non-sterile: anti-foaming agents simethicone
glycol & gel used as surfactants and delivery vehicles
polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poloxamer, or P in PLO are the delivery vehicles and surfactants
P- pluronic
L- lecithin
O- organogel
hydrophilic and hydrophobic-
poloxamer gel- topical drug delivery useful
hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB)
HLB #
0-20 scale
<10: more lipid-soluble water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions
>10: more water-soluble oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions
process to prevent drug degradation
excipients- buffer to retain pH, preservatives
Ligh protect
packages- seal tightly to keep moister out
proper storage
Binders
table content to stick together, provide stability and strength
ex: acacia, starch paste, sucrose syrup…
diluents and fillers
diluents (make something more dilute) and filler add size to small dosages
tab/capsules: lactose, starches, Ca sal, cellulose
liquid: water, glycerin, OH
topical: petrolatum
disintegrants
break up tab faster after oral admin
alginic acid, cellulose, polacrilin potassium, starches
lubricants
improve powder flowability
mag stearate, PEG, glycerin
preservatives
do not use in nonates
prevent or slow grow of microbes
chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, methyl/ethyl/ propyl parabens
poloxamer gel “thermo reversible”
poloxamer (pluronic) lecithin organonel (PLO) gel
liquid at cold temp and gel at room.
both water and oil loving
alcohol avoid in
children
aspartame (phenylalanine) avoid in
avoid in PKU
preservatives avoid in
neonates
xylitol avoid in
dogs, cause hypoglycemia and liver damage
stainless- spatula should not be used when compounding what?
steel spatula or plastic spatula are generally used, but steel spatula should not be used when compounding metal ions
