Chronic HF Flashcards
LVEF
Left ventricular ejection fraction term is interchanged with EF,
An EF <40% indicates systolic dysfunction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction HFrEF
EF
55-70%
Term: Normal
Primary Problem: normal
EF
>=50%
Term: heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF)
diastolic dysfunction
Primary Problem: impaired ventricular relaxation and filling during diastole
EF
41-49%
Term: heart failure with Mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF)
Primary Problem: likely mixed systolic and diastolic dysfunction
EF
<=40%
Term: heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF)
systolic dysfunction
Primary Problem: impaired ability to eject blood during systole
EF
<= 40% at baseline, then >=10%
increased and second EF >40%
Term: heart failure with improved (HFimpEF)
Primary Problem: Ef improved w/tx ; classified separately because tx for HFrEF should be continued, despite higher EF
ACC/AHA staging system
A. At risk for developing HF- HTN, ASCVD, or DM
B. Pre-HF Structural Heart Disease- LVH, low EF, valvular disease, abnormal cardiac or biomarkers
C. structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality with prior or current symptoms of HF (SOB, LVH, fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance)
D. advanced HF, severe symptoms, symptoms are rest or recurrent hospitalization…
NYHA functional class
I. No limitations to physical activity. does not cause HF symptoms
II. Slight limitations of physical activity, comfortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity (walking up stairs) results in symptom of HF
III. marked limitations, comfortable at rest but minimal exertion (bathing, dressing) causes symptoms of HF
IV. unable to carry on physical activity w/o symptoms of HF at rest (SOB in chair lol)
systolic HF signs
Labs/biomarkers
- increased BNP, normal <100pg/ml
- increased NT-proBNP normal <300 pg/ml
systolic HF signs
General signs/ and symptoms
- Dyspnea (SOB at rest or upon exertion)
- Cough
- Fatigue, Weakness
- Reduced exercise capacity
systolic HF signs
left side signs and symptoms
orthopnea: SOB when lying flat
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND): nocturnal cough and SOB
Bibasilar rales: crackling lungs sound
S3 gallop: abnormal heart sound
Hypoperfusion (renal impairment, cool extremities)
systolic HF signs
right-sided signs and symptoms
peripheral edema
ascites: abdominal fluid accumulation
Jugular venous distention (JVD): neck vein distention
Hepatojugular reflux (HJR): neck vein distent from pressure placed on the abdomen
Hepatomegaly: enlarged liver due to fluid congestion
CO
CO= HR x SV
CI
CI= CO/BSA
cardiac index
body surface area
Drug Information NATION
drugs that cause or worsen HF
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibits (alogliptin, saxagliptin)
Immunosuppressants TNF inhibitors (adalimumab, etanercept) and interferons
Non-DHP CCBs (diltiazem and verapamil in systolic HF)
Antiarrhythmics Class I agents (quinidine, flecainide) and dronedarone. (amiodarone and dofetilide ad preferred in pt with HF)
Thiazolidinediones (increased edema risk)
Itraconazole
Oncology drugs (anthracyclines- doxorubicin, daunorubicin)
NSAIDs (all including celecoxib)
initial medications, recommended for all pt without contraindication
HF
- ARNI, ACE inhibitor, or ARBS
- Beta-blockers
- Loop Diuretics
Secondary meds, add on in select pts
HF
- ARAs
- SGLT2 inhibits
- Hydralazine and nitrates (BiDil)
- Ivabradine (Corlanor)
