common conditions of the eyes & ear Flashcards
AS
left ear
AD
right ear
AU
each ear
OD
right eye
OS
left eye
OU
each eye
A, O, D, S
latin…
A- ear
O- eye
D- right
S- left
eye and ear formulation
1 drop- 0.05 ml
suspension= shake well
ointment- can make vision blurry, do not use w/ contact lenses
gel: invert and shake once, get the med to the tip before instilling into eye
drugs that increase IOP
- anticholinergics (antihistamines, oxybutynin, tolterodine, benztropine, scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl, TCAs)
- decongestants
- chronic steroids (esp. eye drops like prednisolone)
- topiramate (topamax)
glaucoma tx goals
- reduce aqueous humor production
—> beta- blockers like timolol
—> Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, like dorzolamide - increase aqueous humor outflow
—> prostaglandin analogs, like latanoprost - or, do both: often w/ add on tx
—> alpha-2 agonists, like brimoindine
increase aqueous humor outflow
1 drop QHS
bimatoprost
latanoprost
travoprost
darkening of iris and eyelashes, eyelash length can increase
blurred vision, increased pigmentation of iris, eyelash
porst= prostaglandin analog
bimatoprost
Lumigan-
Latisse- indicated for eyelash growth- do not sue w/ prostaglandins analogs t indicated for glaucoma
- increase aqueous humor
latanoprost
+ netersudil
Xalatan, Xelros
+ Rocklatan
refrigerator before opening
- increase aqueous humor
travoprost
Travatan Z
Z- indicates different preservatives used
- increase aqueous humor
timolol
+ dorzolamide
timotic
.25% and .5%
+ cosopt
non-selective except betaxolol (betopic)
SE: burning, stinging, Brady/fatigue, bronchospasm
- reduce aqueous humor production
carbachol
pilocarpine
miostat
isopto carpinie
SE: poor vison at night due to pupil constriction
- cholinergic (miotic): increase aqueous humor outflow
dorzolamide
trusopt
zolamide= be caution w/ suflonamide allergy
acetazolamide- used for the prevention and tx of acute mt altitude sickness
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: reduce aqueous humor production
brimonidine
+ timolol
+ brinzolamide
lumify (otc) for ocular redness
Combigan
Simbrinza
- adrenergic alpha 2 agonists: increase aqueous humor outflow, reduce aqueous humor production
viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus- no topical tx
let infection run it’s course
bacterial conjunctivitis
staph aureus
most severe neisseria gonorrhoeae or chlamydia (require systemic tx)
moxifloxacin (Vigamox)
neomycin/ polymyxin B./ dexamethasone (maxitrol)
ofloxacin (ocuflox)
trimethoprim/ polymyxin B (polytrim)
allergic conjunctivitis
olopatadine (pataday) otc
ketotifen (alaway, zaditor) otc
azelastine
Why do eyedrops burn
- Preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride (BAK)
- contact lenses (put them back in 15 min after not before) BAK can cause eye damage if contact lenses are in
- preservative formulations are available: cosopt PF (PF- preservative free).. z in
inflammation
steroids: prednisolone (pred forte, pred mild)
NSAID: ketorolac (acular)
Dryness
refresh (otc)
systane (otc)
