common conditions of the eyes & ear Flashcards
AS
left ear
AD
right ear
AU
each ear
OD
right eye
OS
left eye
OU
each eye
A, O, D, S
latin…
A- ear
O- eye
D- right
S- left
eye and ear formulation
1 drop- 0.05 ml
suspension= shake well
ointment- can make vision blurry, do not use w/ contact lenses
gel: invert and shake once, get the med to the tip before instilling into eye
drugs that increase IOP
- anticholinergics (antihistamines, oxybutynin, tolterodine, benztropine, scopolamine, trihexyphenidyl, TCAs)
- decongestants
- chronic steroids (esp. eye drops like prednisolone)
- topiramate (topamax)
glaucoma tx goals
- reduce aqueous humor production
—> beta- blockers like timolol
—> Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, like dorzolamide - increase aqueous humor outflow
—> prostaglandin analogs, like latanoprost - or, do both: often w/ add on tx
—> alpha-2 agonists, like brimoindine
increase aqueous humor outflow
1 drop QHS
bimatoprost
latanoprost
travoprost
darkening of iris and eyelashes, eyelash length can increase
blurred vision, increased pigmentation of iris, eyelash
porst= prostaglandin analog
bimatoprost
Lumigan-
Latisse- indicated for eyelash growth- do not sue w/ prostaglandins analogs t indicated for glaucoma
- increase aqueous humor
latanoprost
+ netersudil
Xalatan, Xelros
+ Rocklatan
refrigerator before opening
- increase aqueous humor
travoprost
Travatan Z
Z- indicates different preservatives used
- increase aqueous humor
timolol
+ dorzolamide
timotic
.25% and .5%
+ cosopt
non-selective except betaxolol (betopic)
SE: burning, stinging, Brady/fatigue, bronchospasm
- reduce aqueous humor production
carbachol
pilocarpine
miostat
isopto carpinie
SE: poor vison at night due to pupil constriction
- cholinergic (miotic): increase aqueous humor outflow
dorzolamide
trusopt
zolamide= be caution w/ suflonamide allergy
acetazolamide- used for the prevention and tx of acute mt altitude sickness
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: reduce aqueous humor production
brimonidine
+ timolol
+ brinzolamide
lumify (otc) for ocular redness
Combigan
Simbrinza
- adrenergic alpha 2 agonists: increase aqueous humor outflow, reduce aqueous humor production
viral conjunctivitis
adenovirus- no topical tx
let infection run it’s course
bacterial conjunctivitis
staph aureus
most severe neisseria gonorrhoeae or chlamydia (require systemic tx)
moxifloxacin (Vigamox)
neomycin/ polymyxin B./ dexamethasone (maxitrol)
ofloxacin (ocuflox)
trimethoprim/ polymyxin B (polytrim)
allergic conjunctivitis
olopatadine (pataday) otc
ketotifen (alaway, zaditor) otc
azelastine
Why do eyedrops burn
- Preservatives such as benzalkonium chloride (BAK)
- contact lenses (put them back in 15 min after not before) BAK can cause eye damage if contact lenses are in
- preservative formulations are available: cosopt PF (PF- preservative free).. z in
inflammation
steroids: prednisolone (pred forte, pred mild)
NSAID: ketorolac (acular)
Dryness
refresh (otc)
systane (otc)
chronic dry eyes disease
cyclosporine emulsions eye drops (Restasis)
redness
naphazoline (clear eye redness relief)- otc
naphazoline/ pheniramine (naphcon A, Visine A)
tetrahydrozoline (Visine)- otc
common drug known to cause vision changes or damage
Retinal changes/ retinopathy
choroquine
hydroxychloroquine
common drug known to cause vision changes or damage
optic neuropathy
amiodarone (plus corneal deposits)
ethambutol
linezolid
common drug known to cause vision changes or damage
intraoperative floppy iris syndrome, causes difficulty in cataract surgery
alpha-blockers (tamsulosin)
common drug known to cause vision changes or damage
color discrimination
digoxin (w/ tox)- yellow/green vision
PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil) greenish tinge around objects
voriconazole- color vision changes
common drug known to cause vision changes or damage
vision loss/abnormal vision
digoxin (w/tox)- blurriness, halos
PDE-5 inhibitors- vision loss (one or both eyes; can be permanent)
isotretinoin- decrease night vision (can be permanent), dryness irritation
topiramate- visual field defects
vigabatrin- permanent vision loss (high risk)
voriconazole- abnormal vision, photophobia
