contraception & Infertility Flashcards
ovulation summary
- The surge in estrogen causes luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH (follicular stimulating hormone)
- LH surge triggers ovulation 24 -36 hours
- Luteal the start of ovulations begins and which lasts till 14 days, progesterone is dominant in this phase
ovulation kits
measure LH, first urine, if LH is present, ovulation will occur in 24-36 hers, best time for intercourse to conceive
prego
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) positive
generally best to measure w/ prego test first urine when levels would be the highest
folic acid
400mcg DFE to 600mcg DFE (which is equivilant to 360mcg RDA)
return to fertility
most contraceptions you return to fertility immediately, but medroxyprogesterone injection
caya
diaphragm, single size and does not require fitting (some do require prescription for fitting)
oil-based lubricants
never recommend oil-based lubricant for use w/ a latex or non-latex synthetic condom. ONLY recommend water or silicon-based lubricants
Phexxi
prescription-only vaginal gel that maintains an acidic pH (3.5-4.5)
spermicide OTC, but keep in mind, higher risk of STDs, UTIs, not a good option..
hormonal contraceptives
inhibit the production of FSH and LH, which prevents ovulation
They also alter cervical mucus, which inhibits the sperm from penetrating the egg
progestin-only options
pill, injectable, implantation, and IUD
estrogen/progestin products
pill, patch, and vaginal ring
oral products are called COCs- combination oral contractacpetions
progestin is what in most COCs products
norethindrone, levonorgestrol, drospirenone
monophasic COCs
same dose of estrogen and progestin throughout the pill pack
biphasic, triphasic, and quadriphasic COCs
mimic the estrogen and progestin levels during the menstrual cycle
bi, tri, quad- represents the number of times the hormones changes
drospirenone
potassium-sparing diuretics
elagolix
orilissa- is FDA-approved for moderate to severe pain associated w/ endometriosis
heavy menstrual bleeding
menorrhagia
COC Natazia and the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD Mirena are indicated
lysteda
an oral formulation of tranexamic acid (antifibrinolytic) is a non-hormonal tx for menorrhagia
POPs- progestin-only pills
suppress ovulation
and thicken the cervical mucus to inhibit sperm penetration and thinning the endometrium
primarily used in breastfeeding women cause estrogen decrease milk production, and increase thrombosis risk
POPs adherence
must be taken within 3 hours of the scheduled time
migraines w/ aura
estrogen CAN NOT be used, increased risk of stroke, POPs are used
Depo-prevera, prevera
medroxyprogesterone
IM, every 3 months
progesterone only- suppressed ovulation, thickens the cervical mucus and causes thinning of the endometrium
About half of users will be amenorrheic (no menses) after 1 year of use..
extended-cycle COCs
periods every 3 months
“Lo”
means <=35mcg of estrogen
ex: Loestrin
