Diabetes

Question 1

short and long term consequences of hyperglycemia

Answer 1

short: DKA
long term: micro and macro complications

Question 2

short term hypoglycemia

Answer 2

can kill you

Question 3

micro vs macro complications

Answer 3

micro: poor wound healing, nephropathy, neuropathy, rentiopathy
macro: larger vessels, increase risk of heart attack

Question 4

does tight control of diabetes improve micro or macro

Answer 4

tight control only improves micro complications

Question 5

how does insulin work

Answer 5

allows cells to take in glucose

Question 6

short acting mechanism

Answer 6

doesn’t last long, spike in insulin (take after meals

Question 7

long acting mechanism

Answer 7

long and consistent (one does for the day)

Question 8

what makes fast and long acting act differently

Answer 8

the ability of the molecules to stick together in the subq

Question 9

fast acting

Answer 9

aspart, lispro

Question 10

long acting

Answer 10

determir, glargine, degludec

Question 11

what are preferred for insulin

Answer 11

long and short term combo preferred over normal because its more predictable

Question 12

insulin A1C reduction

Answer 12

2%

Question 13

non insulin A1C reduction

Answer 13

1% besides sulfonureas which are 2%

Question 14

how does metformin work

Answer 14

makes insulin that’s there work better

Question 15

how does sulfonureas work

Answer 15

force pancreas to make insulin

Question 16

SGCT2 how do they work

Answer 16

diuretic for glucose

Question 17

GLP1 analogs and DPPIV inhibitors how do they work

Answer 17

stimulate insulin in glucose dependent manner
work in the small intestine

Question 18

metformin side effects

Answer 18

lactic acidosis which leads to renal dysfunction
B12 deficiency which will be treated by injectable B12
diarrhea, anorexia, dyspepsia when first starting the drug

Question 19

sulfonureas cause

Answer 19

impaired B cell function

Question 20

SGCT2

Answer 20

increase UTI because spilling glucose into the urine
hypotension

Question 21

GLP1 analogs

Answer 21

N/V (pt has to be started on a really low dose to get used to N/V)
slow gastric emptying which can cause oral meds to be absorbed slower
- important for pain meds which we need to work fast

Question 22

GLP1 analogs and DPPIV inhibitors do what

Answer 22

increase saiety and preserve B cells
work in the small intestine

Question 23

metformin weight and blood lipids

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

SGCT2 weight

Answer 24

yes and blood pressure

Question 25

GLP1 and DPPIV

Answer 25

weight loss

Question 26

metformin hypoglycemia

Answer 26

low

Question 27

hypoglycemia risk

Answer 27

sulfonureas
- risk factors older and decrease renal

Question 28

cardiovascular poor outcome

Answer 28

sulfonureas

Question 29

sulfonureias

Answer 29

glipizide, glyburide, glimepiride

Question 30

SCGT2

Answer 30

dapagliflozin, empagliflozin

Question 31

GLP1 analogs

Answer 31

liraglutide, dulaglutide, semaglutide

Question 32

DPPIV

Answer 32

sitagliptin

Question 33

disulfiram like reaction

Answer 33

severe N/V, flushing, diaphoresis, tachycardia
when consuming alcohol
WITH SULFONURIEAS

Question 34

which one is stronger DPPIV or GLP1 analogs

Answer 34

GLP1 analogs

Question 35

TZD work by

Answer 35

decreasing insulin resistance

Question 36

TZD causes

Answer 36

fluid retention, edema, weight gain, MI/HF/CV death
BLADDER cancer

Question 37

TZD drug

Answer 37

pioglitazone