Diabetes Flashcards
short and long term consequences of hyperglycemia
short: DKA
long term: micro and macro complications
short term hypoglycemia
can kill you
micro vs macro complications
micro: poor wound healing, nephropathy, neuropathy, rentiopathy
macro: larger vessels, increase risk of heart attack
does tight control of diabetes improve micro or macro
tight control only improves micro complications
how does insulin work
allows cells to take in glucose
short acting mechanism
doesn’t last long, spike in insulin (take after meals
long acting mechanism
long and consistent (one does for the day)
what makes fast and long acting act differently
the ability of the molecules to stick together in the subq
fast acting
aspart, lispro
long acting
determir, glargine, degludec
what are preferred for insulin
long and short term combo preferred over normal because its more predictable
insulin A1C reduction
2%
non insulin A1C reduction
1% besides sulfonureas which are 2%
how does metformin work
makes insulin that’s there work better
how does sulfonureas work
force pancreas to make insulin
SGCT2 how do they work
diuretic for glucose
GLP1 analogs and DPPIV inhibitors how do they work
stimulate insulin in glucose dependent manner
work in the small intestine
metformin side effects
lactic acidosis which leads to renal dysfunction
B12 deficiency which will be treated by injectable B12
diarrhea, anorexia, dyspepsia when first starting the drug
sulfonureas cause
impaired B cell function
SGCT2
increase UTI because spilling glucose into the urine
hypotension
GLP1 analogs
N/V (pt has to be started on a really low dose to get used to N/V)
slow gastric emptying which can cause oral meds to be absorbed slower
- important for pain meds which we need to work fast
GLP1 analogs and DPPIV inhibitors do what
increase saiety and preserve B cells
work in the small intestine
metformin weight and blood lipids
yes
SGCT2 weight
yes and blood pressure
