Beta Blockers

Question 1

mechanism of action

Answer 1

blocks beta 1 and 2 receptors

Question 2

what dose it mean to block beta 1 and 2 receptors

Answer 2

decrease heart rate, contractility, and renin release

Question 3

how do they impact cardiac output

Answer 3

lower it by decreasing SV and heart rate

Question 4

what is the formula for cardiac output

Answer 4

SV x HR = CO

Question 5

how do these drugs benefit heart failure

Answer 5

prevent/slow remodeling
restore heart rate variability
prevent arrhythmia occurrence

Question 6

how do beta blockers affect sensitivity

Answer 6

they will resensitize the tissues and receptors to norepinephrine

Question 7

special considerations when stopping a beta blocker

Answer 7

you want to stop it slowly because if you stop it abruptly it can cause conditions to worsen than they were before the medication (withdrawal syndrome)

Question 8

special dosing considerations in heart failure

Answer 8

be careful giving it to someone with Bradycardia, heart block, hemodynamic ability

we want to start slow with at least 2 weeks in between increasing the dose and informing the patient that symptoms will worsen before making it better

Question 9

main side effects

Answer 9

bronchospasm, vasospasm, heart failure symptoms worsen, Brady cardia, metabolic abnormalities (hyperglycemia and decrease HDL which is due to poor circulation into small capillaries), and depression

Question 10

different types of beta blockers

Answer 10

cardioselective: doesn’t block beta 2 so we do not get pulmonary issues (bronchospasm) which is good for asthma/COPD but large doses will start to work on beta 2
vasodilating: block beta and alpha 1 so you get vasodilating instead of vasoconstriction, this is better to reduce glucose and HDL issues

Question 11

beta blockers ending

Answer 11

LOL/OLOL

Question 12

nonselective BB

Answer 12

propranolol

Question 13

selective

Answer 13

metoprolol
atenolol

Question 14

vasodilating

Answer 14

carvedilol
labetolol

Question 15

beta 1 receptor

Answer 15

increase heart rate, increase contractility, increase renin release

Question 16

beta 2 receptor

Answer 16

relaxation of vascular, bronchial and uterine smooth muscle, increase glycogenolysis, increase insulin release, increase tremor

Question 17

beta 3 receptors

Answer 17

increase lipolysis, increase urinary bladder relaxation

Question 18

a1 receptors

Answer 18

vasoconstriction, mydriasis, piloerection, increase glycogenolysis

Question 19

a2 receptors

Answer 19

decrease neuronal transmitter release, increase platelet aggregation, decrease lipolysis, decrease insulin release

Question 20

BB uses

Answer 20

hypertension, anxiety, tremor, arrhythmias, angina