Day 57 - special conjunctions

Question 1

Today’s conjunctions are special because they can not only be used to connect clauses, but also in a sentence by themselves.

Many of the words have similar meanings and are interchangeable. The differences in nuance will be illustrated in the vocabulary section.

The following conjunctions can all be translated as because of this / for this reason / that’s why:

deswegen
deshalb
darum
daher

The next set of conjunctions explain the consequence of an action, translating to:
therefore / consequently:

also
so
folglich
infolgedessen
demnach
insofern

The third set of conjunctions show surprise. They can be translated as:
despite this / nevertheless / still:

trotzdem
dennoch
allerdings
indessen

Question 2

Again, these conjunctions are special because they don’t need to link two clauses. When used to connect clauses, the verb will not go the end, but rather, directly follow the conjunction.

Study the following examples:
I have money, for this reason, I’ll buy it.
Ich habe Geld, deswegen kaufe ich es.
Ich habe Geld. Ich kaufe es deswegen.
She invited me, so I went.
Sie lud mich ein, also ging ich.
Sie lud mich ein. Ich ging also.
He fights with his wife, despite this, he loves her.
Er streitet sich mit seiner Frau, trotzdem liebt er sie.
Er streitet sich mit seiner Frau. Er liebt sie trotzdem.

Question 3

1. DESWEGEN…Deswegen is the literal translation: because of that
   DESHALB…Deshalb has a slightly more formal nuance, as in therefore.
   DARUM…Darum is slightly more casual, as in that’s why.
   DAHER…Daher has a nuance of deduction from reasoning, as in from there…
2. SO…therefore / so also / so
3. FOLGLICH, INFOLGEDESSEN…consequently / following that
4. DEMNACH…according to that / accordingly
5. INSOFERN…insofar as / in this respect
6. TROTZDEM…despite this
7. INDESSEN…however / meanwhile
8. DENNOCH…nevertheless
9. ALLERDINGS…indeed / certainly
10. ZWAR…admittedly / in fact / indeed

Question 4

1. I have money, for this reason, I’ll buy it. (d..w..)

Answer 4

Ich habe Geld, deswegen kaufe ich es.

wegen…for, because of, due to, by reason of, on account of
des wegen…for this reason

Question 5

2. She invited me, so I went. (a)

Answer 5

Sie lud mich ein, also ging ich.

Question 6

3. The movie was successful, and consequently he became famous. (i..f..d)

Answer 6

Der Film war erfolgreich, und infolgedessen wurde er berühmt.

Question 7

4. The regulations are accordingly very strict. (d)

Answer 7

Die Regelungen sind demnach sehr streng.

dem nach. that after?

Question 8

5. I have doubts in this respect.

Answer 8

Insofern zweifele ich daran.

insofern…in.so.far

zweifeln

hesitate, to Verb (hesitates; hesitated; hesitating)
doubt, to Verb (doubts; doubted; doubting)
linger, to Verb (lingers; lingered; lingering)
waver, to Verb (wavers; wavered; wavering)
delay, to Verb (delaies; delayed; delaying)
defer, to Verb (defers; deferred; deferring)
brood over, to Verb (broods over; brooded over; brooding over)
tarry, to Verb (tarries; tarried; tarrying)
deter, to Verb (deters; deterred; deterring)

Question 9

6. He fights with his wife, despite this, he loves her. (t)

Answer 9

Er streitet sich mit seiner Frau, trotzdem liebt er sie.

streiten sich…to argue, to quarrel

trotz…despite. trotzdem…despite this

Question 10

7. She offered him a coffee, however, he refused. (i..d..)

Answer 10

Sie bot ihm einen Kaffee an, er lehnte indessen ab.

anbieten…to offer
ablehnen…to refuse, turn down
der Kaffee

Question 11

8. The weather is bad, but I am nevertheless coming. (d)

Answer 11

Das Wetter ist schlecht, aber ich komme dennoch.

Question 12

9. That was certainly dumb of you. (a..d..)

Answer 12

Das war allerdings dumm von dir.

Question 13

10. I must admit, I don’t play a sport, but I am healthy. (z). (a).

Answer 13

Ich treibe zwar keinen Sport, aber ich bin gesund.

treiben…to do. Er sollte Sport treiben. Ich kann nur wiederholen, wie wichtig es ist, Sport zu treiben.