Day 52 - relative clauses and relative pronouns

Question 1

Relative clauses are used to join two sentences together into one.
German relative clauses will send the verb to the end.

Study the following example:
The man is called David. Der Mann heißt David.
I am meeting the man in Germany. Ich treffe den Mann in Deutschland.
The man that I am meeting in Germany is called David.
Der Mann, DEN ich in Deutschland treffe, heißt David.

German relative pronouns (that / which / who / whose) take their gender from the noun the represent, and their case from the clause they are in.

In the previous example, the relative pronoun den (that) took its gender from the noun it represented, Der Mann, and its case from the second sentence (accusative).

Study the following examples:

The woman who I help is nice. Die Frau, DER ich helfe, ist nett.

The child whose toy is broken is crying. Das Kind, DESSEN Spielzeug kaputt ist, weint.

The flowers that I am giving you are pretty. Die Blumen, DIE ich dir gebe, sind schön.

The relative pronoun grammar table is almost the same as the definite article table, the only differences are in the genitive and dative plural:

                   Masculine /    Feminine /      Neutral /      Plural 

Nominative: DER / DIE / DAS / DIE
Accusative: DEN/ DIE / DAS / DIE
Dative: DEM / DER / DEM / DENen
Genitive: DESsen / DERen / DESsen / DERen

Using an accusative, dative, or genitive preposition before the relative pronoun will also change its case.

Study the following example:
The fork with which I am eating is dirty. Die Gabel, mit DER ich esse, ist schmutzig.

Question 2

1. DAS OBST…fruit das Obst (no plural)
2. DAS GEMÜSE…vegetable das Gemüse
3. DIE ERDBEERE…strawberry die Erdbeere (-e)
4. DIE KIRSCHE…cherry die Kirsche (-n)
5. DIE TRAUBE…grape die Traube (-n)
6. DIE ZITRONE…lemon die Zitrone (-n)
7. DIE BOHNE…bean die Bohne (-n)
8. DIE GURKE…cucumber die Gurke (-n)
9. DIE ZWIEBEL…onion die Zwiebel (-n)
10. DER MAIS…corn der Mais

Question 3

1. The fruits that I am buying are delicious.

Answer 3

Das Obst, das ich kaufe, ist lecker.

Question 4

2. The vegetable that she is buying is a tomato.

Answer 4

Das Gemüse, das sie kauft, ist eine Tomate.

Question 5

3. She is the woman who eats strawberries.

Answer 5

Sie ist die Frau, die Erdbeeren isst.

Question 6

4. I have cherries, whose seeds are big.

Answer 6

Ich habe Kirschen, deren Kerne groß sind.

Question 7

5. He likes grapes that are green.

Answer 7

Er mag Trauben, die grün sind.

Question 8

6. The lemons that we eat are sour.

Answer 8

Die Zitronen, die wir essen, sind sauer.

Question 9

7. The people I’m meeting like beans. (with whom I am meeting [reflexive])

Answer 9

Die Leute, mit denen ich mich treffe, mögen Bohnen.
dem, der, dem, DEN
mit den > mit DENEN

Question 10

8. The man she is helping is eating a cucumber.

Answer 10

Der Mann, dem sie hilft, isst eine Gurke.

helfen takes dative, so DEM, der, dem, den

Question 11

9. The onion I am buying smells good.

Answer 11

Die Zwiebel, die ich kaufe, riecht gut.

Question 12

10. Corn, whose color is brown, tastes bad.

Answer 12

Mais, dessen Farbe braun ist, schmeckt schlecht.

der Mais
des, der, des, der = genitive
DESSEN, deren, dessen, deren