Day 31 - the future past

Question 1

This grammar is used to talk about what will have been done in the future. The construction is almost the exact same as English.

Use werden + the past participle and auxiliary verb. Since werden is now occupying the spot after the subject, not only the participle, but also the unconjugated auxiliary verb will go the end of the sentence.

Study the following examples:

Tomorrow I will have written my essay.
Morgen werde ich (werden conjugated and inverted)
meinen Aufsatz geschrieben (past participle)
haben (infinitive of haben/sein).

Next month he will have already gone back to Germany.
Nächsten Monat wird er (werden conjugated and inverted)
schon nach Deutschland zurückgefahren (past participle)
sein (infinitive sein/haben).

Day 31 Grammar Card 1.
Future past tense (werden) + (past participle) + (sein / haben)

Question 2

ab.schließen…to end or to come to a close. SCHLOSS AB, ABGESCHLOSSEN

Answer 2

ab = away from

The prefix “ab-“ usually - but not always - carries the notion of “away from”. Some of the many possibilities:

“abblenden” (to fade out, dim [lights]); “abbrechen” (to break off); “abbrennen” (to burn down); “abdanken” (to abdicate, resign); “abdrücken” (to pull the trigger; to shoot); “abfahren” (to drive off; to depart [by car]); “abfegen” (to brush off); “abhacken” (to chop off); “abhängen von” (to be dependent on); “abhören” (to wiretap); “abkommen” (to get away); “ablenken” (to divert); “abnehmen” (to remove; to take away); “abnutzen” (to wear out); “abriegeln” (to bolt [a door]; to close off); “abschaffen” (to do away with); “abschicken” (to send off); “absichern” (to secure); “abstimmen” (to vote); “abtreiben” (to abort); “abwehren” (to repulse; to fend off); “abziehen” (to deduct; to withdraw); “abzweigen” (to branch off).

Question 3

enden…to end … intransitive, cannot take an object

Answer 3

beenden…takes an object

Question 4

beenden…to end. intransitive, takes an object

Answer 4

ended…no object

Question 5

befassen sich mit…to be concerned with, to occupy oneself with

Answer 5

beschäftigen sich mit…to busy oneself with

Question 6

beschäftigen sich mit…to busy oneself with

*Important derivatives: beschäftig (busy) and Beschäftigung (occupation).

Answer 6

befassen sich mit…to be concerned with or occupied with

Question 7

beobachten…to observe

*Careful with the pronunciation. Beo is not pronounced beyo, but rather beh oh.

Question 8

spazieren…to walk

*Spazieren is often paired with gehen, as in, to go walking. Ich gehe spazieren.

Question 9

erfüllen…to fulfil

Question 10

aus.fuhren…to carry out, to execute

Answer 10

“aus-“:

The prefix “aus-“ adds the meanings “out,” “outward,” “extended,” “completely,” “missing”:

“ausbauen” (to extend; to improve; to expand); “ausbessern” (to fix; to touch up); “ausbeuten” (to exploit); “ausbilden” (to train); “ausbleiben” (to stay away; to fail to show up); “ausbreiten” (to spread out); “ausbrennen” (to burn out); “ausdehnen” (to extend; to expand); “ausdiskutieren” (to discuss thoroughly); “ausfahren” (to go for a drive; to take for a drive); “ausfallen” (to fail, to drop out; to be canceled); “ausführen” (to take for a walk; to carry out [work]; to put into practice); “ausfüllen” (to fill out [a form]); “ausgehen” (to go out); “ausgleichen” (to even out); “aushalten” (to endure; to withstand); “aushelfen” (to help out); “ausklammern” (to bracket out); “ausklingen” (to fade away [music]); “auslachen” (to laugh at); “ausleihen” (to lend); “ausmachen” (to turn off; to extinguish; to make a difference; to add up to); “auspressen” or “ausquetschen” (to press or squeeze out); “ausradieren” (to erase); “ausreichen” (to be sufficient); “ausrichten” (to pass on [a message]); “ausrotten” (to eradicate); “ausrüsten” (to equip); “sich ausschlafen” (to get a good sleep); “ausschließen” (to exclude; to lock out); “ausschütten” (to spill out; to tip out); “aussteigen” (to get out of [a car, train]); “aussehen” (to appear); “auswechseln” (to switch; to replace).

Question 11

genügen…to be adequate

*The adjective genug means enough or sufficient.

Question 12

1. The trial will have come to a close.

Verb of movement, change of condition = SEIN

Answer 12

DAS Gerichtsverfahren wird abgeschlossen SEIN.

GERICHTS…LEGAL
VERFAHREN…PROCEEDINGS

Question 13

2. The film will have ended.

Verb of movement, change of condition = SEIN

Answer 13

DER Film wird geendet haben.

Question 14

3. I will have ended the relationship.

Verb of movement, change of condition = SEIN
except with a transitive verb

Answer 14

Ich werde die Beziehung beendet haben.

Question 15

4. He will have concerned himself with something.

Verb of movement, change of condition = SEIN

Answer 15

Er wird SICH mit etwas beschäftiget haben.
Er wird SICH mit etwas befasst haben.

Question 16

5. She will have occupied herself with something.

Answer 16

Sie wird SICH mit etwas BESCHÄFTIGT haben.

Question 17

6. We will have observed it.

Verb of movement, change of condition = SEIN

Answer 17

Wir werden es beobachtet haben.

Question 18

7. They will have walked through the park.

Verb of movement, change of condition = SEIN

Answer 18

Sie werden durch den Park SPAZIERT SEIN.

MOVEMENT OR CHANGE OF CONDITION…SEIN

Question 19

8. I will have fulfilled the requirements.

Verb of movement, change of condition = SEIN

Answer 19

Ich werde die Anforderungen erfüllt haben.

ANFORDERN…demand or request

Question 20

9. He will have carried out the order. (led out…leader out)

Answer 20

Er wird DEN Auftrag ausgeführt haben.

Question 21

10. It will have been adequate.

Verb of movement, change of condition = SEIN

Answer 21

Es wird genügt haben.

Question 22

separable prefixes

Answer 22

https://www.dartmouth.edu/~deutsch/Grammatik/Wortbildung/Separables.html#:~:text=The%20prefix%20%22ab%2D%22%20usually,notion%20of%20%22away%20from%22.