CS&B - Histology - Intro; Cell Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three basic visualization methods of histology?

A

Light microscopy,

fluorescent microscopy,

electron microscopy

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2
Q

What are three of the most common stains of light microscopy?

A

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E);

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS);

Masson’s trichrome

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3
Q

What is the most common stain of light microscopy?

A

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)

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4
Q

What are the two principal colors of hematoxylin and eosin staining?

A

Blue and pink

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5
Q

What color is hematoxylin?

What color is eosin?

A

Blue-ish

pink-ish

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6
Q

In hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, what are some structures that will be stained blue?

A

The nucleus;

keratohyalin granules and calcified material

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7
Q

In hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, what are some structures that will be stained pink?

A

Cytoplasm, collagen, lewy bodies, and mallory bodies

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8
Q

The blue-pink differences in structures stained with H&E are largely due to what characteristic of the tissue being stained?

A

The relative pH

(acidic - nuclear components;

basic - proteins)

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9
Q

Hematoxylin and eosin staining is a common stain in what modality of histology?

A

Light microscopy

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10
Q

What is the periodic acid-Shiff (PAS) stain used for in light microscopy?

A

Staining specific cellular compartments, carbohydrates

(Note: the histology in the image is counterstained with hematoxylin)

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11
Q

What stain is often used as a counter-stain with PAS to illustrate the nuclei?

A

Hematoxylin

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12
Q

What are three substances often visualized with a periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain?

What color are they stained?

A

Mucins, glycogen, glycocalyx;

pink or magenta

(Note: the histology in the image is counterstained with hematoxylin)

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13
Q

Which stain is especially good for connective tissue and collagen visualization?

A

Masson’s trichrome

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14
Q

What science is the 3D interpretation of 2D cross sections of materials or tissues?

A

Sterology

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15
Q

What is the most common histological stain?

What stain is useful for visualizing the nucleus in blue and surrounding cytoplasm/collagen in pink?

What stain is useful in visualizing cellular compartments and carbohydrates?

What stain is useful in visualizing muscle fibers as red, collagen as blue, cytoplasm as pink, and the nucleus as dark brown?

A

Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E);

hematoxylin & eosin (H&E);

periodic acid-Schiff (PAS);

Masson’s trichrome

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16
Q

For what structures is the hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) stain useful? What colors are these structures stained?

A

The nucleus (blue) surrounding cytoplasm/collagen (pink)

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17
Q

For what structures is the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain useful? What colors are these structures stained?

A

Cellular compartments and carbohydrates (magenta)

(Note: Hematoxylin is often used as a counterstain when PAS is used)

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18
Q

For what structures is the Masson’s trichrome stain useful? What colors are these structures stained?

A

Muscle fibers (red),

collagen (blue),

cytoplasm (pink),

the nucleus (dark brown)

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19
Q

For what structures is the hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) stain useful? What colors are these structures stained?

For what structures is the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) stain useful? What colors are these structures stained?

For what structures is the Masson’s trichrome stain useful? What colors are these structures stained?

A

The nucleus (blue) surrounding cytoplasm/collagen (pink)

Cellular compartments and carbohydrates (magenta)

Muscle fibers (red), collagen (blue), cytoplasm (pink), the nucleus (dark brown)

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20
Q

What histological stain is used in this image?

A

Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E)

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21
Q

What histological stain(s) is(are) used in this image?

A

Periodic acid-Schiff

(with hematoxylin counterstain)

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22
Q

What histological stain is used in these images?

A

Masson’s trichrome

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23
Q

What color are erythrocytes in H&E staining?

A

Intensely red

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24
Q

What study involves the interpretation of these 2D images to understand their 3D orientation and structure?

A

Sterology

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25
Q

What are the three main portions of the cell?

A

Cell membrane;

nucleus;

cytoplasm

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26
Q

What are the three main portions of the nucleus?

A

The nuclear envelope (and pores);

chromatin (eu- and hetero-);

the nucleolus

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27
Q

Are there lipids, proteins, and/or carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

A

All three

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28
Q

What are three common types of inclusions found in the cytoplasm?

A

Fat droplets;

glycogen granules;

lipofuscin granules

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29
Q

What is a common type of protein found in the cytosol?

A

Enzymes

(hundreds and hundreds of types)

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30
Q

What are the three main contributors to the cytoplasm?

A

Cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

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31
Q

What is the external surface of the cell membrane called?

What is the internal surface of the cell membrane called?

A

E-face

P-face

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32
Q

What two lipid types are found in high concentrations in lipid rafts?

A

Cholesterol;

glycosphingolipids

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33
Q

What is the function of lipid rafts in cell membranes?

A

To stabilize protein clusters and keep them in close proximity to one another

(this allows for efficient inter-protein interactions)

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34
Q

What structure stabilizes protein clusters within the cell membrane and allows for close, more efficient inter-protein interactions?

A

Lipid rafts

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35
Q

Where are glycolipids found in the cell membrane?

A

The E-face

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36
Q

What purpose does cholesterol serve in the lipid membrane?

A

Increased rigidity / stiffness

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37
Q

What are the three main colors of the Masson’s trichrome stain?

A

Red (keratin/muscle);

pink (cytoplasm);

blue or green (collagen)

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38
Q

On which surface of the cell membrane is spectrin found?

A

The P-face (protoplasmic)

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39
Q

On which surface of the cell membrane are the ECM proteins found?

A

The E-face (exoplasmic)

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40
Q

What term describes the bilipid cell membrane characteristic in which the associated lipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic sections?

A

Amphipathic

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41
Q

What are the three main types of lipid found in the plasma membrane?

A

Phospholipids;

cholesterol;

glycolipids

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42
Q

How many main types of phospholipid are found in the lipid membrane?

A

5

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43
Q

Name the three phospholipid types found on the P-face of the plasma membrane.

A

Phosphatidylserine (PS)

phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)

phosphatidylinositol (PI)

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44
Q

Name the two phospholipid types found on the E-face of the plasma membrane.

A

Phosphatidylcholine (PC);

sphingomyelin (SPH)

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45
Q

What are the two types of cell membrane protein?

A

Integral and peripheral

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46
Q

Transmembrane and lipid-anchored proteins of the cell membrane are ________ proteins.

A

Integral

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47
Q

How do bilipid membranes appear on electron microscopy?

A

As trilaminar layers

(dark outer layers with a central light area)

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48
Q

The term glycocalyx encompasses what two types of structure?

A

Glycolipids and glycoproteins

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49
Q

What are some structures making up the dark layers of the plasma membrane as seen on electron microscopy?

A

Phospholipid heads;

integral proteins;

glycolipids

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50
Q

What are some structures making up the light layer of the plasma membrane as seen on electron microscopy?

A

Phospholipid tails;

integral proteins;

cholesterol

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51
Q

True/False. The E-face and P-face layers of the plasma membrane each have the same types of phospholipid in similar concentrations?

A

False

(the E-face has different phospholipids from the P-face)

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52
Q

What modality must be used to directly visualize the cell membrane?

A

Electron microscopy

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53
Q

Sphingomyelin is abundant on which surface of the cell membrane?

A

The E-face

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54
Q

Which enzyme breaks down sphingomyelin?

Where is this enzyme located?

A

Acid sphyngomyelinase;

the P-face

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55
Q

Acid sphingomyelinase breaks down sphingomyelin inside what structures?

A

Lysosomes

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56
Q

Sphingomyelin is found in high concentrations on which surface of the plasma membrane?

Acid sphingomyelinase is found in on which surface of the plasma membrane?

A

E-face;

P-face

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57
Q

Is pinocytosis clathrin-dependent or -independent?

A

Clathrin-independent

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58
Q

Is phagocytosis clathrin-dependent or -independent?

A

Clathrin-independet

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59
Q

Is receptor-mediated endocytosis clathrin-dependent or -independent?

A

Clathrin-dependent

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60
Q

Which of the following is(are) clathrin-dependent?

Which is(are) actin-dependent?

Pinocytosis

Phagocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis;

Phagocytosis

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61
Q

What is unique about phagocytosis when compared to pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis?

A

It is actin-dependent

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62
Q

What is unique about receptor-mediated endocytosis when compared to pinocytosis and phagocytosis?

A

It is clathrin-dependent

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63
Q

Retrograde vesicular transport from the golgi apparatus to the ER is associated with what surface protein?

A

COP - I

(1)

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64
Q

Anterograde vesicular transport from the ER to the golgi apparatus is associated with what surface protein?

A

COP - II

(2)

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65
Q

What is V-snare?

What is T-snare?

A

A vesicle-specific membrane protein;

a target membrane -specific protein

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66
Q

What are some examples of non-membranous organelles?

A

Ribosomes;

proteasomes;

cytoskeleton

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67
Q

Ribosomes are present on which side of the RER cisternae (interior or exterior)?

A

The cytoplasmic (exterior) side

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68
Q

Cytochrome P450 is present in large concentrations in what organelle of hepatocytes?

A

The SER

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69
Q

Which organelle of myocytes is used for calcium sequestration?

A

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (a.k.a. the sarcoplasmic reticulum)

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70
Q

What family of enzymes is involved in phase I detoxification in the hepatocyte SER?

What family of enzymes is involved in phase II detoxification in the hepatocyte SER?

A

Cytochrome P450;

UDP - glucuronosyltransferases

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71
Q

In what organ is the highest concentration of SER in the body?

A

The liver

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72
Q

Which side of the Golgi apparatus faces the RER and receives vesicles from it?

A

The cis face (convex)

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73
Q

Which side of the Golgi apparatus releases vesicles and faces the plasma membrane?

A

The trans side (concave)

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74
Q

In what direction do proteins enter the Golgi apparatus (from the RER) and leave it?

A

RER –> cis Golgi apparatus –> trans Golgi apparatus

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75
Q

What enzyme is added to synthesized proteins in the RER and cis Golgi apparatus to mark these proteins as future lysosomal enzymes?

A

Mannose-6-phosphate

76
Q

What is the importance of mannose-6-phosphate?

Where is it added to select proteins?

A

It marks lysosomal proteins;

the RER and cis Golgi apparatus

77
Q

What protein controls vesicle movement from the cis Golgi apparatus to the trans Golgi apparatus?

What protein controls vesicle movement from the trans Golgi apparatus to the cis Golgi apparatus?

A

COP-II (anterograde);

COP-I (retrograde)

78
Q

What are four locations to which the Golgi apparatus sends synthesized products?

A

Lysosomes,

secretory granules,

plasma membrane,

back to the RER

79
Q

Where do both sulfation of certain tyrosine residues and addition of sialic acid to sugars occur?

A

The trans Golgi apparatus

80
Q

Besides COP-I and COP-II, what other protein is important in Golgi apparatus vesicle formation?

(Hint: this protein is often involved in vesicles heading to lysosomes or the cell membrane)

A

Clathrin

81
Q

Which of the four locations to which the Golgi apparatus sends vesicles (the cell membrane, lysosomes, secretory granules, and the RER) receive clathrin-coated vesicles from the Golgi apparatus?

A

Lysosomes;

secretory granules

82
Q

What factor decides the relative abundance of mitochondria in a cell?

A

The energy demands of the cell

83
Q

What types of nucleic acid are present in the mitochondrial matrix?

A

DNA, tRNA, mRNA, rRNA

84
Q

What percentage of the proteins of the mitochondria are coded for by mitochondrial DNA?

A

< 1%

85
Q

The ‘elementary particles’ visualized on the matrix-side of the mitochondrial cristae refer to what structures?

A

ATP synthase

86
Q

Where is mitochondrial DNA (and associated RNA and ribosomes) within the mitochondria?

A

The mitochondrial matrix

87
Q

Why would mitochondria be found in the cell periphery near the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane?

A

The membrane active transport requires huge amounts of ATP

88
Q

The enzymes of the electron transport chain are found in what structure?

A

The inner mitochondrial membrane

89
Q

What is the order of endosome formation after pinocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis?

A

Early endosome –> late endosome –> lysosome

(early becomes late, then fuses with a lysosome)

90
Q

At what stage do vesicles of pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis enter the following pathway:

Early endosome –> late endosome –> lysosome

At what stage do vesicles of phagocytosis enter the above pathway?

At what stage do vesicles of autophagy enter the above pathway?

A

Early endosome;

late endosome;

lysosome

91
Q

What is a primary lysosome?

What is a secondary lysosome?

A

A lysosome that has nothing to digest;

a lysosome that has fused with with a late endosome or phagosome or cytoplasmic organelle

92
Q

What are residual lysosomal bodies?

Of what are they typically full?

A

The non-digestible remains of whatever was initially in the lysosome to be digested;

lipofuscin

93
Q

What term refers to the lysosomal digestion of materials brought into the cell via endocytosis?

What term refers to the lysosomal digestion of old cellular organelles?

A

Heterophagy;

autophagy

94
Q

What membrane-bound organelles are the site of intracellular digestion?

What membrane-bound organelles break down fatty acids and contains both myeloperoxidase and catalase?

What non-membrane-bound organelles destroy ubiquinated proteins?

A

Lysosomes;

peroxisomes;

proteasomes

95
Q

Via what two methods are intracellular proteins destroyed?

A

Lysosomes (autophagy);

proteasomes (following ubiquination)

96
Q

What two substances are often found in intracellular inclusions as a form of energy storage?

A

Glycogen (clumped granules);

lipids (spherical, single monolayer droplets)

97
Q

What is the most common pigment of the body?

What pigment is common in old cells?

What pigment is related to the phagocytosis of RBCs and hemoglobin?

A

Melanin;

lipofuscin;

hemosiderin

98
Q

Melanin, lipofuscin, and hemosiderin all appear somewhat similarly in histology.

They be differentiated according to what?

A

The type of tissue in which they are found

99
Q

What is the term for the images produced by microscopy?

A

Micrographs

100
Q

What type of electron microscope created this image?

(Note: the electrons did not go through the structure)

A

Scanning electron microscope

101
Q

What type of electron microscope created this image?

(Note: the electrons did go through the structure)

A

Transmission electron microscope

102
Q

What cellular structure(s) is(are) responsible for cell polarity, intracellular vesicular movement, and organelle placement/anchoring?

A

The cytoskeleton

103
Q

What cellular structure (broadly speaking) is responsible for cellular shape, cell motility, and cellular adhesion?

A

The cytoskeleton

104
Q

How big are each type of cytoskeleton (on average, in nm)?

A

Microfilaments - 7 nm

Intermediate filaments - 8-12 nm

Microtubules - 25 nm

105
Q

What are some functions of microfilaments?

A

Cytoplasmic transport, cellular motility, cell shape, microvili support

(microfilaments are basically just actin)

106
Q

From where do microtubules radiate throughout the cell?

A

The centrioles and axonemes

107
Q

Describe where microfilaments are found in highest concentrations in the cell.

A

Cell wall, microvili

108
Q

Describe where intermediate filaments are found in highest concentrations in the cell.

A

Throughout the cytoplasm

109
Q

What type of cytoskeleton maintains nuclear shape?

A

Intermediate filaments

110
Q

Describe where microtubules are found in highest concentrations in the cell.

A

Radiating throughout the cytoplasm from centrioles and axonemes

111
Q

Which type of cytoskeleton is the most stable?

A

Intermediate filaments

112
Q

Describe the general cytoskeleton.

A
113
Q

Which type of cytoskeleton is responsible for chromosomal movement during mitosis?

Which type of cytoskeleton is responsible for cellular cleavage during mitosis?

A

Microtubules;

microfilaments

114
Q

Describe some microfilament organizational patterns that have different roles in the cell.

A
115
Q

Is actin a globular or filamentous protein?

A

Both;

it is filamentous when polymerized, but the polymer is made of small, globular monomers

116
Q

What does it mean that actin is polar?

A

It has a plus end and a minus end

117
Q

What are a few examples of the many types of intermediate filaments?

A

Myosin, spectrin, vimentin, lamin

118
Q

What cytoskeletal component gives microvili projections their form?

What cytoskeletal component makes up the terminal web that anchor the microvili?

A

Microfilaments (and some myosin connecting them);

intermediate filaments

119
Q

What is another name for the intermediate filament anchoring the base of microvili in place?

A

The terminal web

120
Q

What intracellular intermediate cytoskeletal protein is especially relevant to the P-face of erythrocytes?

A

Spectrin

121
Q

How does intracellular spectrin maintain cell membrane integrity?

A

It forms tetramers and anchors actin

122
Q

In erthrocytes, what protein anchors the spectrin-actin complex to the cellular membrane?

A

Ankyrin

123
Q

What protein carries vesicles down towards the plus end of microtubules?

What protein carries vesicles down towards the minus end of microtubules?

A

Kinesin;

dynein

124
Q

The plus end of a microtubules is closer to the centriole or cell periphery?

The minus end of a microtubules is closer to the centriole or cell periphery?

A

Periphery;

centriole

125
Q

Which globular tubulin monomer is on the plus end of a microtubule filament?

Which globular tubulin monomer is on the minus end of a microtubule filament?

A
126
Q

What intermediate protein is especially present in lymphocytes?

What intermediate protein is especially present in all types of muscle?

What intermediate protein is especially present in astrocytes?

A

Vimentin;

desmin;

GFAP

127
Q

What intermediate protein is especially important to connective tissue?

What intermediate protein is especially important to epithelial cells?

What intermediate protein is especially important to neurons?

A

Vimentin;

cytokeratin;

neurofilament

128
Q

What intermediate protein is especially important to nuclear membranes?

What intermediate protein is especially important to some Schwann cells?

What intermediate protein is especially important to erythrocyte cell membranes?

A

Lamins A, B, and C;

GFAP;

spectrin

129
Q

What cytoskeletal structure provides the basis of the mitotic spindle?

What cytoskeletal structure provides the basis of the cellular cilia?

What cytoskeletal structure provides the basis of the cellular flagella?

A

Microtubules;

microtubules;

microtubules

130
Q

What two structures make up a single centrosome?

A

The centrioles

(at right-angles to one another)

131
Q

Where is the centrosome typically located?

What are some other locations?

A

Near the nucleus

132
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

A single histone unit and its associated double-stranded DNA

133
Q

The nucleolus is largest and most well-developed in what type of cells?

A

Highly transcriptionally active cells

134
Q

Which of the following cell structures would stain with a basic dye after treatment with RNAse?

Chromatin

Nucleolus

SER

RER

Golgi

A

Chromatin

(the basic dye is binding to the acidic structure)

135
Q

Is hematoxylin basic or acidic?

A

Basic

(it binds acidic structures)

136
Q

What gives the nucleolus its deep blue color when stained with hematoxylin?

A

High concentration of ribosomes (RNA)

137
Q

Which of the following would stain blue when stained with hematoxylin and eosin?

Chromatin

Nucleolus

RER

All three

A

All three

138
Q

Which of the following would stain the deepest blue when stained with hematoxylin and eosin after treating the cell with RNAse?

Chromatin

Nucleolus

RER

All three

A

Chromatin

(the ribosomes and other RNA types of the RER and nucleolus have been degraded)

139
Q

Which protein is responsible for cilia and flagellar movement?

A

Axonemal dynein

140
Q

Addition of what chemical structure to dynein causes cilia or flagellar movement?

A

Phosphate

(from ATP)

141
Q

Does axonemal dynein interact with the outer, inner or both microtubules found in cilia or flagella?

A

Outer

142
Q

What three subunit proteins make up the ankyrin protein?

A

Band-3, ankyrin, band-4

143
Q

Describe the axonemal arrangement of cilia and flagella.

A

Axoneme: 9 microtubule pairs surrounding two central microtubule filaments

(with inner and outer dynein arms)

144
Q

Alpha-tubulin binds to what structure in the centriole?

A

Gamma-tubulin

145
Q

As what are the individual tubulin filaments in a microtubule referred?

A

Protofilaments

146
Q

One microtubule is made up of how many tubulin protofilaments?

One mature ciliar/flagellar axoneme is made up of how many microtubules?

A

13;

20 (9 pairs m. surrounding 2 central m.)

147
Q

A centrosome is made of two perpendicular centrioles. How many microtubules make up one centriole?

A

9 triplets (27 total m.)

148
Q

How many tubulin protofilaments would be found in one centrosome?

A

702

(13 protofilaments / microtubule x 3 microtubules / triplet x 9 triplets / centriole x 2 centrioles / centrosome)

149
Q

What happens to the centriole during the beginning of cell division?

A

It replicates

150
Q

This is an electron micrograph of the cross-section of what structure?

A

The axoneme of a flagellum or cilium

151
Q

Which microtubule of any axonemal pair has the complete 13 protofilaments?

Which one is not complete and shares some of the complete one’s protofilaments?

A

A;

B

152
Q

Which microtubule of an axonemal pair has attached inner and outer dynein?

Which microtubule of an axonemal pair has attached radial spokes?

A

A;

A

153
Q

What is the name of the specialized centriole at the base of a ciliar or flagellar axoneme?

A

The basal body

154
Q

The basal body of a flagellum or cilium is made of how many microtubules?

A centriole is made of how many microtubules?

A

9 triplets;

9 triplets

155
Q

How will a transcriptionally active cell’s chromatin appear?

A

Large areas of euchromatin

156
Q

Chromatin is made of what structure(s)?

A

DNA and proteins

157
Q

What is the site of ribosomal synthesis?

What is the site of ribosomal assembly?

A

The nucleolus;

the nucleolus

158
Q

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with what structure?

A

The RER

159
Q

How thick are euchromatin strands?

How thick are heterochromatin strands?

A

11 nm;

30 nm

160
Q

What is the name of the DNA between nucleosomes?

A

Linker DNA

161
Q

Chromatids are connected at what point?

A

The centromere

162
Q

A cell with a dark, splotchy nucleus is likely transcriptionally _______.

A cell with a light, clear nucleus is likely transcriptionally _______.

A

Inactive (+heterochromatin);

active (+euchromatin)

163
Q

What is indicated by G in this electron micrograph of a nucleous?

What happens here?

A

Granular material;

initial ribosomal assembly

164
Q

What is indicated by F in this electron micrograph of a nucleous?

What happens here? What is contained here?

A

Fibrillar material;

sites of active transcription; rRNA

165
Q

What is indicated by FC in this electron micrograph of a nucleous?

What is contained here?

A

Fibrillar centers;

the DNA sequences for the rRNA genes, transcription factors

166
Q

Where is DNA synthesized?

Where is RNA synthesized?

Where is protein synthesized?

A

The nucleus

The nucleus

The cytosol

167
Q

What lies between the inner and outer nuclear membranes?

This space is continuous with what?

A

The perinuclear cisternal space;

the RER cisternal space

168
Q

The square lattice / meshwork that supports the inner nuclear membrane is known as what?

(of what is it composed?)

A

The nuclear lamina

(made of lamin A and lamin B - types of intermediate filament)

169
Q

Active transport in and out of the nucleus occurs at what sites?

What makes up these sites?

A

Nuclear pores;

nucleoporins protein complexes

170
Q

What targets proteins for transport into the nucleus?

What targets proteins for transport out of the nucleus?

A

Nuclear localization signal;

nuclear export signal

171
Q

What phase of the cell cycle is portrayed in this image?

A

Interphase

(G1 - S [or G0] - G2)

172
Q

What phase of the cell cycle is portrayed in this image?

A

Prophase

(M)

173
Q

What phase of the cell cycle is portrayed in this image?

A

Metaphase

(M)

174
Q

What phase of the cell cycle is portrayed in this image?

A

Anaphase

(M)

175
Q

What phase of the cell cycle is portrayed in this image?

A

Telophase

(M)

176
Q

How many centrioles are present during interphase?

How many centrioles are present during mitosis?

A

2 (1 centrosome);

4 (2 centrosomes)

177
Q

Phosphatidylcholine is found in which leaflet of the plasma membrane?

A

The E-face

178
Q

Sphingomyelin is found in which leaflet of the plasma membrane?

A

The E-face

179
Q

Phosphatidylethanolamine is found in which leaflet of the plasma membrane?

A

The P-face

180
Q

Phosphatidylserine is found in which leaflet of the plasma membrane?

A

The P-face

181
Q

Phosphatidylinisitol is found in which leaflet of the plasma membrane?

A

The P-face

182
Q

This slide of the pancreas has been stained with:

A

Hematoxylin

183
Q

This slide of the pancreas has been stained with:

A

Eosin

184
Q

This slide of the pancreas has been stained with:

A

Hematoxylin and eosin

185
Q

This slide of the liver has been stained with:

A

Periodic acid-Schiff

(and hematoxylin counterstain)