CS&B - Histology - Epithelia; Connective Tissue Flashcards
What two types of structure are present in all types of tissue?
Cells and ECM
What are the four principal tissue types?
Muscle;
Epithelium;
Nervous;
Connective
(MENC)
The four principal tissue types are very different from one another in regards to their ratio of cells to ____.
ECM
What are some general functions of epithelial tissue?
Protection, absorption, secretion, sensory reception
An epithelial cell membrane (and to some degree, portions of the cell) can be divided into what two main domains?
Apical and basolateral
The apical side of an epithelial cell typically contacts what?
The lateral sides of an epithelial cell typically contacts what?
The basal side of an epithelial cell typically contacts what?
The external environment or a bodily cavity / lumen;
other cells;
the basement membrane
Are epithelial cells polar?
How do they interact with surrounding cells?
Are they tightly attached to a basement membrane?
Yes;
tight attachments;
yes
What is the longer, branching type of microvillous cellular projection found in the vas deferens?
Stereocilia (stereovili)
What is unique about the epithelium of the PCT of the kidney?
Microvili
(a brush border)
What protein connects the microtubule pairs to one another in the axoneme?
Nexin
From the apex towards the base, what junctions unite adjacent epithelial cells?
Zona occludens (tight junctions)
Zona adherens
Macula adherens (desmosome)
What junction connects epithelial cells to the basement membrane?
Hemidesmosomes
The zona occludens (tight junction) is anchored by what major transmembrane protein(s)?
The zona adherens is anchored by what major transmembrane protein(s)?
The macula adherens (desmosome) is anchored by what major transmembrane protein(s)?
Occludins, claudins;
E-cadherins;
cadherin family proteins (e.g. desmoglein, desmocollin)
Hemidesmosomes are anchored by what major transmembrane protein(s)?
Gap junctions are anchored by what major transmembrane protein(s)?
Integrins;
connexins
What cytoskeletal structures are associated with epithelial gap junctions?
None
What stain can illustrate the basement membrane?
Periodic acid-Schiff stain
(the basement membrane is made of glycoproteins)
What are the two layers of the basement membrane?
A basal lamina;
a reticular lamina
What specialized apical structure can be found on the epithelium of the small intestine?
What specialized apical structure can be found on the epithelium of the respiratory tract?
What specialized apical structure can be found on the epithelium of the kidney PCTs?
What specialized apical structure can be found on the epithelium of the vas deferens?
What specialized apical structure can be found on the epithelium of the oviducts?
Microvili (small intestine)
Cilia (respiratory tract)
Microvili (kidney PCTs)
Stereocilia/stereovili (ductus deferens)
Cilia (oviducts)
The zona occludens (tight junction) connects to what type of cytoskeletal component?
The zona adherens connects to what type of cytoskeletal component?
The macula adherens (desmosome) connects to what type of cytoskeletal component?
Actin
Actin
Intermediate filaments (e.g. keratin)
Hemidesmosomes connect to what type of cytoskeletal component?
Gap junctions connect to what type of cytoskeletal component?
Intermediate filaments
None
The zona occludens (tight junction) connects to what type of cytoskeletal component?
They are largely made up of what transmembrane protein(s)?
Actin;
occludins, claudins
The zona adherens connects to what type of cytoskeletal component?
They are largely made up of what transmembrane protein(s)?
Actin
E-cadherins
The macula adherens (desmosome) connects to what type of cytoskeletal component?
They are largely made up of what transmembrane protein(s)?
Intermediate filaments (e.g. keratin)
Cadherins family proteins (e.g. desmogleins, desmocollin)
Hemidesmosomes connect to what type of cytoskeletal component?
They are largely made up of what transmembrane protein(s)?
Intermediate filaments
Integrins
Gap junctions connect to what type of cytoskeletal component?
They are largely made up of what transmembrane protein(s)?
None
Connexins
What cell junction type creates a sealed barrier between epithelial cells?
Zona occludens (tight junction)
What cell junction type connects the microfilaments of adjacent epithelial cells?
What cell junction type connects the intermediate filaments of adjacent epithelial cells?
Zona adherens
Macula adherens (desmosome)
What cell junction type connects the cytoplasm of adjacent epithelial cells?
What cell junction type anchors epithelial cells to the basement membrane?
Gap junctions
Hemidesmosomes
By what three categories are epithelial cells classified?
Layer(s) (simple, stratified, pseudostratified, transitional)
Shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
Keratinization (keratinized or non-keratinized)
What is the name of the epithelial lining of blood vessel lumens?
What is the name of the epithelial lining of lymph vessel lumens?
What is the name of the interior epithelial lining of body walls and cavities?
Endothelium
Endothelium
Mesothelium
What is the name of the epithelial lining of the respiratory tract?
What is the name of the epithelial lining of nasal cavity odor receptors?
What is the name of the transitional epithelial lining of the bladder?
Respiratory epithelium
Olfactory epithelium
Urothelium
What are the two main types of gland?
Exocrine (duct-ed)
Endocrine (duct-less)
Describe basic gland development (exocrine and endocrine).
Exocrine glands typically secrete their products in what two fluid types?
Serous
Mucous
How does an apocrine gland release products?
How does a merocrine gland release products?
How does a holocrine gland release products?
Apical portion of cell becomes the secretion;
secretory exocytotic vesicles;
the entire cell dies and becomes the secretion
What does it mean for an exocrine gland to be unicellular?
What does it mean for an exocrine gland to be multicellular?
Only one cell type is involved (e.g. goblet cells);
multiple cell types are involved (e.g. stomach mucosa)
What type of epithelial tissue lines the inside of the heart?
What type of epithelial tissue lines the outside of the heart?
Endothelium;
mesothelium
(both simple squamous endothelium)
How do endothelial and mesothelial cells appear on microscopy?
What type of epithelial cells are these (layers and shape)?
Thin, flat, single layer with prominent nuclei and little cytoplasm;
both simple squamous epithelium
Cells of the kidney tubules are primarily what type of epithelium?
(Layers and shape)
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Can microvili be seen on light microscopy?
No
What type of epithelium makes up the mucosal border of the jejunum?
(Layers and shape)
Simple columnar epithelium
What type of epithelium lines the tracheal lumen?
(Layers and shape)
Do each of these cells originate on the basement membrane?
Do all reach the lumen?
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium;
yes,
no
Are cilia visible on light microscopy?
Yes
What type of epithelium lines the epididymis?
(Layers and shape)
Psuedostratified columnar epithelium
What feature is found on the surface of the pseudostratified columnar cells of the epididymis?
Stereovilli
What type of epithelium lines the bladder?
Transitional epithelium
What shape are the epithelial cells of the bladder when the bladder is contracted?
What shape are the epithelial cells of the bladder when the bladder is distended?
Done-shaped;
flat
What type of epithelium lines the esophageal lumen?
Stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)
What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?
Stratified squamous epithelium (keratinized)
What type of epithelium lines the duct of a sweat gland?
Stratified cuboidal epithelium