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MBBS CPRS > CPRS 77: Diffuse Interstitial Lung Diseases > Flashcards

CPRS 77: Diffuse Interstitial Lung Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of diffuse alveolar damage/ acute respiratory distress syndrome

A

Surfactant deficiency (damage to type II cells) that increases the surface tension and elasticity

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2
Q

What are the two characteristic appearances of alveolus for Diffuse Alveolar Damage/ Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

Hyaline Membrane Formation

Hyperplasia of Type II Pneumocytes

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3
Q

What is the chest X-Ray appearance for Diffuse Alveolar Damage/ Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

White Out

Snow Storm

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4
Q

What are the clinical features of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Try to name 4

A

Shortness of Breath with NO wheezing
Chronic Hypoxia
Cyanosis
Dry Cough

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5
Q

What are the signs of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

A 
Ingrowth of cuboidal bronchiolar epithelium into the cystic spaces 
Acini simplified to become cystic spaces
Proliferation of fibroblasts (fibrosis)
Obliteration of distal airway
Honeycomb lung (end-stage)
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6
Q

Why does fibrosis cause hypoxia

A

Increase the diffusion distance, reduces gaseous exchange, leading to hypoxia

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7
Q

What will result after chronic hypoxia

A 
Pulmonary vasoconstriction (thickened tunica intima and media)
Polycythaemia (to compensate for reduction in PaO2)
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8
Q

What is the cause of pneumoconiosis

A

Inhalation of inorganic dusts that causes chronic inflammation

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9
Q

Exposure of ____ causes silicosis

A

SiO2

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10
Q

What is the distinctive feature of silicosis

A

Silicotic Nodule

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11
Q

Exposure of ______ causes asbestosis

A

Asbestos

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12
Q

What will exposure of asbestos cause?

A

Lung Cancer

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13
Q

Asbestos bodies are asbestos fibers covered by a film of protein impregnated with ________

A

Haemosiderin

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14
Q

What is the consequence of asbestosis

A

Malignant Mesothelioma

Cancer derived from mesothelium of pleura, pericardium, peritoneum

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15
Q 
For obstructive lung diseases like Asthma and COPD
TLC
RV
TV 
VC
What are the changes
A

TLC increase
RV increase
TV decrease
VC decrease

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16
Q 
For restrictive lung diseases
TLC
RV
TV 
VC
What are the changes
A

TLC decrease
RV decrease
TV decrease
VC decrease

17
Q

Asthma:
PaO2
PaCO2
What are the changes

A

PaO2 reduced

PaCO2 normal

18
Q

COPD:
PaO2
PaCO2
What are the changes

A

PaO2 reduced

PaCO2 increased

19
Q

Restrictive Lung Diseases:
PaO2
PaCO2
What are the changes

A

PaO2 reduced

PaCO2 reduced or normal

20
Q

Why is PaCO2 normal in asthma

A

CO2 rise is prevented by increased respiratory rate

21
Q

Why is PaCO2 reduced or becomes normal in Restrictive Lung Diseases?

A

CO2 escapes efficiently as there is no small airway obstruction and no shortness of breath

MBBS CPRS (44 decks)

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