CPRS 77: Diffuse Interstitial Lung Diseases Flashcards
What is the cause of diffuse alveolar damage/ acute respiratory distress syndrome
Surfactant deficiency (damage to type II cells) that increases the surface tension and elasticity
What are the two characteristic appearances of alveolus for Diffuse Alveolar Damage/ Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Hyaline Membrane Formation
Hyperplasia of Type II Pneumocytes
What is the chest X-Ray appearance for Diffuse Alveolar Damage/ Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
White Out
Snow Storm
What are the clinical features of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Try to name 4
Shortness of Breath with NO wheezing
Chronic Hypoxia
Cyanosis
Dry Cough
What are the signs of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Ingrowth of cuboidal bronchiolar epithelium into the cystic spaces Acini simplified to become cystic spaces Proliferation of fibroblasts (fibrosis) Obliteration of distal airway Honeycomb lung (end-stage)
Why does fibrosis cause hypoxia
Increase the diffusion distance, reduces gaseous exchange, leading to hypoxia
What will result after chronic hypoxia
Pulmonary vasoconstriction (thickened tunica intima and media) Polycythaemia (to compensate for reduction in PaO2)
What is the cause of pneumoconiosis
Inhalation of inorganic dusts that causes chronic inflammation
Exposure of ____ causes silicosis
SiO2
What is the distinctive feature of silicosis
Silicotic Nodule
Exposure of ______ causes asbestosis
Asbestos
What will exposure of asbestos cause?
Lung Cancer
Asbestos bodies are asbestos fibers covered by a film of protein impregnated with ________
Haemosiderin
What is the consequence of asbestosis
Malignant Mesothelioma
Cancer derived from mesothelium of pleura, pericardium, peritoneum
For obstructive lung diseases like Asthma and COPD TLC RV TV VC What are the changes
TLC increase
RV increase
TV decrease
VC decrease
