CPRS 28: Histology of Blood vessels

Question 1

3 layers of blood vessels

From inner most to outermost

Answer 1

Tunica intima
Tunica media
tunica adventitia

Question 2

Name the 3 layers of the AV valve from Atrium to Ventricle

Name the 3 layers of Semilunar valve from ventricle to aorta

Answer 2

AV: Atrialis => Spongiosa => Fibrosa
Semilunar: Ventricularis => Spongiosa => Fibrosa

Question 3

Compare Atrialis/ Ventricularis, Spongiosa, Fibrosa

Which layer has the loose connective tissues, loose collagen and loose elastic fibres that act as shock absorber

Which layer provides tensile stiffness to the valve

Answer 3

Compare Atrialis/ Ventricularis, Spongiosa, Fibrosa

Which layer has the loose connective tissues, loose collagen and loose elastic fibres that act as shock absorber- Spongiosa

Which layer provides tensile stiffness to the valve- Fibrosa

Question 4

Compare the thickness of media and adventitia among arteries and veins

Compare the presence of fibroblasts between arteries and veins

Answer 4

Compare the thickness of media and adventitia among arteries and veins
Artery: Media thicker than adventitia
Veins: Adventitia thicker than media

Compare the presence of fibroblasts between arteries and veins
Present in veins, Absent in arteries.

Question 5

Continuous Capillary, comment on

• Endothelial cells
• Basal lamina
• Amount of substances that can pass through
• Name 3 examples

Answer 5

Continuous Capillary, comment on

• Endothelial cells: Complete
• Basal lamina: Continuous
• Amount of substances that can pass through: little
• Name 3 examples: Muscle, Lung, CNS

Question 6

Fenestrated Capillary, comment on

• Endothelial cells
• Basal lamina
• Name 4 examples

Answer 6

Fenestrated Capillary, comment on

• Endothelial cells- Fenestrated
• Basal lamina- Continuous
• Name 4 examples- Kidney, Endocrine gland, Gall Bladder, GI tract

Question 7

Discontinuous/ Sinusodial Capillary, comment on

• Endothelial cells
• Basal lamina
• Amount of substances that can pass through
• Name 3 examples

Answer 7

Discontinuous/ Sinusodial Capillary, comment on

• Endothelial cells: Incomplete
• Basal lamina: Discontinuous
• Amount of substances that can pass through: Everything can pass freely
• Name 3 examples: Liver, Spleen, Bone Marrow

Question 8

Large, Elastic Arteries

DO they have clear elastic membrane?

Answer 8

Can see internal elastic membrane

Cannot see external elastic membrane

Question 9

What is the Windkessel effect in elastic arteries

Answer 9

Very rich elastic materials enabling vessels to recoil that maintains a continuous flow of blood

Question 10

Name 1 function of medium arteries

Answer 10

Distribute blood through vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Question 11

Which type of artery has both internal and external elastic membrane being prominent

Which type of artery has concentric elastin lamellae in tunica media?

Compare the thickness of tunica intima between elastic and medium artery

Compare the elastic fibres between elastic and medium artery

Compare the thickness of tunica adventitia between elastic and medium artery

Answer 11

Which type of artery has both internal and external elastic membrane being prominent- Medium artery

Which type of artery has concentric elastin lamellae in tunica media- Elastic Artery

Compare the thickness of tunica intima between elastic and medium artery- Elastic is thicker

Compare the elastic fibres between elastic and medium artery- Elastic has more

Compare the thickness of tunica adventitia between elastic and medium artery - Medium is thicker

Question 12

Small arteries: ____ layers of smooth muscle cells
arterioles: _____ layers of smooth muscle cells

Which type of artery has no external elastic membrane

Answer 12

Small arteries: 3-8 layers of smooth muscle cells
arterioles: 1-2 layers of smooth muscle cells

Which type of artery has no external elastic membrane
Arteriole

Question 13

Artery or vein holds more blood?

Answer 13

Vein (60-70%)

Question 14

Vein blood flow: What are they

1. Musculovenous pump
2. Respiratory pump
3. Artery pulsation
4. Valves

Answer 14

Vein blood flow: What are they

1. Musculovenous pump: Skeletal muscles contract to squeeze vein
2. Respiratory pump: Pressure change during inspiration and expiration squeezes blood to heart
3. Artery pulsation: Arteries develop pressure and squeeze veins
4. Valves: Prevent backflow of blood

Question 15

2 types of venules
Postcapillary venules: No true _______ (layer)
Muscular venules: How many layers of smooth muscle to form tunica media?
Both types have no _________ (layer)

Answer 15

2 types of venules
Postcapillary venules: No true tunica media (layer)
Muscular venules: How many layers of smooth muscle to form tunica media? 1-2
Both types have no tunica adventitia

Question 16

In ______________ (type of vein)all 3 tunicas start to be present and recognizable

Answer 16

Small veins

Question 17

In medium veins and also large veins, there are _______________ smooth muscle cells

Answer 17

Longitudinally arranged smooth muscle cells

Question 18

Name 2 portal system in the body

2 consecutive capillary networks

Answer 18

Hepatic portal
Nephron
Hypophyseal portal (Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland)

Question 19

Arteriovenous anastomosis (AV shunt)
where 

Try name 2, if not 1

Answer 19

Skin

Erectile tissues of penis

Question 20

Compare Lymphatic Capillaries and Lymphatic Vessels

• Basal lamina
• tight junction
• valves

Answer 20

Lymphatic Capillaries VS Lymphatic Vessels

• NO VS YES basal lamina
• NO VS YES tight junction
• NO VS YES valves

Question 21

Lymph flow is driven by…

name 2 factors

Answer 21

Compression of lymphatic vessels by adjacent skeletal muscles
Contraction of smooth muscle layer