CPRS 61: Lipoproteins and Metabolism

Question 1

Name the 4 components of Lipoproteins

Answer 1

Phospholipid
Non-esterified Cholesterol
TAG (Inner Core)
Apolipoprotein

Question 2

Endogenous Pathway of the Lipoprotein Metabolism
1. Liver Secretes _______ with ________, from ____________ lipids
2. ____________ and _____________ transferred from __________ to VLDL
(VLDL contains _________, _________, ___________)
3. _____________ degrades the TAG: Fatty acids go to ___________; Glycerol goes to ___________
4. The VLDL becomes _________ containing ______ and ________
5. __________ and ____________ returned to HDL
6. IDL becomes ______ containing ________ only
7. _______ returns to liver

Answer 2

1. Liver Secretes TAG Rich VLDL with Apo B-100, from endogenously synthesized lipids
2. Apo C-II and Apo-E transferred from HDL to VLDL (VLDL contains Apo B-100, Apo-C and Apo-E)
3. Lipoprotein degrades TAG: Fatty acids go to adipose tissues, Glycerol goes to liver
4. VLDL becomes IDL containing Apo B-100 and Apo E
5. Apo C-II and Apo-E returned to HDL
6. IDL becomes LDL containing Apo B-100 only
7. LDL returns to liver

Question 3

Exogenous Pathway of Lipoprotein Metabolism
1. Intestinal mucosal cells secrete ____________ with __________ produced from __________
2. _________ and _________ transferred from __________ to chylomicron
(Chylomicron contains _______, _________, _________)
3. ____________ degrades TAG: Fatty acids go to _____________, ____________ goes to liver
4. __________ returned to HDL
5. Chylomicron remnants contain ________ and _________
6. Chylomicron bind to specific receptors on _______ and are endocytosed

Answer 3

1. Intestinal mucosal cells secrete TAG-rich Chylomicrons with Apo B-48 produced from dietary lipids
2. Apo C-II and Apo-E transferred from HDL to chylomicron
   (Chylomicron contains Apo B-48, Apo-C, Apo-E)
3. Lipoprotein lipase degrades TAG: Fatty acids go to adipose tissues, Glycerol goes to liver
4. Apo C-II returned to HDL
5. Chylomicron remnants contain Apo B-48 and Apo-E
6. Chylomicron bind to specific receptors on liver and are endocytosed

Question 4

Chylomicron => VLDL => LDL => HDL

From left to right: Density _______, Size ________, proportion of TAG _______, proportion of cholesterol ____________.

Answer 4

From left to right: Density increases, Size decreases, proportion of TAG decreases, proportion of cholesterol increases.

Question 5

After consuming fats and oils, the serum becomes _______

Answer 5

Turbid

Question 6

List out the migration distance of VLDL, LDL, HDL in ascending order.

Answer 6

LDL < VLDL < HDL

Question 7

Type 1 Dyslipidemia is called ___________.
It is due to deficiency in _____________.
Therefore there is a very high __________, which means very high ________.

Answer 7

Type 1 Dyslipidemia is called chylomicronemia.
It is due to deficiency in lipoprotein lipase.
Therefore there is a very high chylomicron, which means very high TAG.

Question 8

Type 2a Dyslipidemia is called ___________.
It is due to deficiency in ___________ in the liver, so ________ cannot be uptake back by the liver.
Therefore there is a very high __________, which means very high ________.

Answer 8

Type 2a Dyslipidemia is called Familial Hypercholesterolemia.
It is due to deficiency in LDL receptors on the liver, so LDL cannot be uptake back by the liver.
Therefore there is a very high LDL, which means very high Cholesterol.

Question 9

Type 2b Dyslipidemia is called ________________.
It is due to deficiency in ____________ on the liver and defective ___________, so LDL cannot be uptake back by the liver.
Therefore there is a very high _______ and slightly high _______, which means very high ________ and slightly high _________.

Answer 9

Type 2b Dyslipidemia is called Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia.
It is due to deficiency in LDL receptors on the liver and defective Apo B-100, so LDL cannot be uptake back by the liver.
Therefore there is a very high LDL and slightly high VLDL, which means very high cholesterol and slightly high TAG.

Question 10

Type 3 Dyslipidemia is called ___________________.
It is due to mutations in ___________.
High _________ and High __________.

Answer 10

Type 3 Dyslipidemia is called Familial Dysbetalipoproteinemia.
It is due to mutations in Apo-E.
High Cholesterol and High TAG.

Question 11

Type 4 Dyslipidemia is called ________________
It is due to increased _____________ intake.
Very high _______ leading to very high _________

Answer 11

Type 4 Dyslipidemia is called Familial Hypertriglyceridemia.
It is due to increased aldehyde intake.
Very high VLDL leading to very high TAG

Question 12

Type 5 Dyslipidemia is called ____________________.

Very high __________ and _________ leading to very high ________ and slightly higher ___________.

Answer 12

Type 5 Dyslipidemia is called Familial Combined Hypertriglyceridemia.
Very high VLDL and Chylomicron leading to very high TAG and slightly higher cholesterol.

Question 13

What types of Dyslipidemia is the most common?

Answer 13

Type 2a and Type 2b- most common

Type 4- very common as well