CPRS 17: Heart Anatomy Flashcards
In terms of the ICS
Where does the heart lie
2nd to 5th ICS
The apex of the heart lies at which line
And which ICS?
MCL
5th ICS
The left border of the heart is the left _______
The right border of the heart is the right _______
Left Upper border of heart: _____, 1cm from sternum
Left lower border of heart: _______, (Which line)
Right Upper border of heart: ______, 1cm from sternum
Right lower border of heart: _______, 1cm from sternum
The left border of the heart is the left ventricle
The right border of the heart is the right atrium
Left Upper border of heart: 2nd left CC, 1cm from sternum
Left lower border of heart: MCL 5th ICS
Right Upper border of heart: 3rd right CC, 1cm from sternum
Right lower border of heart: 6th right CC, 1cm from sternum
From the innermost layer of heart to the outermost
What are the layers?
Endocardium Myocardium Subepicardial fat Epicardium/ Visceral Pericardium Pericardial cavity (with serous fluid) Parietal Pericardium Fibrous Pericardium
Consider endocardium, What type of epithelium?
Which layer contains the cardiac muscle and has extensive vasculature?
Which layer houses the coronary arteries?
Fibrous pericardium attaches to _____________ (x3)
Consider endocardium, What type of epithelium?
Simple Squamous
Which layer contains the cardiac muscle and has extensive vasculature?
Myocardium
Which layer houses the coronary arteries?
Epicardium
Fibrous pericardium attaches to:
endothoracic fascia,
diaphragm,
pleural membrane
Right heart is more_________
Left heart is more _________
Fill in with Anterior or Posterior
Right heart is more anterior
Left heart is more posterior
Where is the transverse sinus
What shape is the oblique sinus
Transverse: Right below the opening of aorta and pulmonary trunk
Oblique: Inverted J Shape
What structure connects the aorta and pulmonary trunk
Ligamentum arteriosum
Right atrium and Right Ventricle is divided externally by _______
Right atrium and Right Ventricle is divided externally by Coronary Sulcus
The anterior part of the right atrium is called ________, the muscles are ________ muscles.
The posterior part of the right atrium is called ___________, the muscles are ________.
What structure divides the two types of layers?
The anterior part of the right atrium is called Atrium Proper, the muscles are Pectinate muscles.
The posterior part of the right atrium is called Sinus Venarum, the muscles are smooth.
What structure divides the two types of layers? Crista Terminalis
Tricuspid Valve: Separate right atrium from right ventricle
There are 3 cusps, name them.
What are the cusps connected to? How about afterwards?
Tricuspid Valve: Separate right atrium from right ventricle
Anterior Cusp
Septal Cusp
Posterior Cusp
What are the cusps connected to? How about afterwards?
Chordae Tendineae
Papillary Muscle (Anterior, Septal, Posterior)
There are irregular bundles in inner surfaces of right ventricle, what are they called? Is this thing present in left ventricle as well?
What is the distinctive feature of the right ventricle?
There are irregular bundles in inner surfaces of right ventricle, what are they called?
Trabeculae Carneae
Also present in LV
What is the distinctive feature of the right ventricle?
Moderator Band
Why valve cusps have to be attached to chordae tendinae?
Prevent inversion or prolapse of valves
2 types of Valve disease
- Stenotic
- Incompetent
What are they respectively?
2 types of Valve disease
- Stenotic: Valves become too narrow, cannot open fully
- Incompetent: Valves unable to close completely
Heart Sounds
1st lub- Loudest at _____
Closure of _______ valves
2nd dub- Loudest at _____
Closure of ______ valves
Heart Sounds
1st lub- Loudest at apex
Closure of bicuspid/tricuspid valves
2nd dub- Loudest at base
Closure of semilunar valves
Where are the auscultation points of the following?
- Bicuspid valve
- Tricuspid valve
- Aortic valve
- Pulmonary valve
- Erb’s point (Which is also the detection for Dub sound)
Where are the auscultation points of the following?
- Bicuspid valve: 5th left ICS, MCL
- Tricuspid valve: 5th left ICS, Sternum
- Aortic valve: 2nd right ICS, Sternum
- Pulmonary valve: 2nd left ICS, Sternum
- Erb’s point: 3rd LEFT ICS, sternum
What are the conduction system components of the heart, starting from SA node
SA node AV node Bundle of His Bundle Branches Purkinje Fibres Septomarginal Trabecula/ Moderator Band (RV only)
In the diagram for cardiac skeleton
To distinguish the two semilunar valves
The more anterior one is the Pulmonary valve
The more posterior one is the Aortic Valve
Why
The right heart is more anterior than the left heart
Left coronary artery is from left _______
Right coronary artery is from right _______
Left coronary artery is from left aortic sinus
Right coronary artery is from right aortic sinus
3 Branches of the Right coronary artery
name them
- Sinu-atrial nodal branch (to the back)
- Marginal Branch (front down)
- Posterior Interventricular Branch (front back)
2 Branches and 2 additional branches of left coronary artery
Name them
- Circumflex branch (to the back) + Left marginal branch of circumflex
- Anterior interventricular branch (front) + Diagonal branch of anterior interventricular
Which vein runs along with
Anterior Interventricular Branch
Anterior Interventricular Branch
Great cardiac vein (Anterior interventricular vein)
Which vein runs along with
Left Marginal Branch of Circumflex
Left Marginal Branch of Circumflex
Posterior Cardiac Vein
Which vein runs along with
Left Circumflex Branch
Left Circumflex Branch
Coronary Sinus
Which vein runs along with
Marginal Branch of right CA
Marginal Branch of right CA
Small Cardiac Vein
Which vein runs along with
Posterior Interventricular Branch of right CA
Posterior Interventricular Branch of right CA
Middle Cardiac Vein
Which two coronary veins do not drain into the coronary sinus
Anterior cardiac vein
Smallest cardiac vein
When there is blockage in coronary artery, it will lead to angina. Yet, there is pain from the shoulder region. Why?
There is chest pain
Pain is extended to the left shoulder region
The left shoulder is more represented by sensory neurons
Supply of Blood to Various Regions of the Heart
Where do they supply to? (branches of the right coronary artery)
Sinu-nodal atrial branch
Right marginal branch
posterior interventricular branch
Sinu-nodal atrial branch- Right atrium, SA node, AV node
Right marginal branch- Right ventricle, Apex
Posterior interventricular branch: Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle and Posterior Septum
Supply of Blood to Various Regions of the Heart
Where do they supply to? (branches of the left coronary artery)
Circumflex branch
Left marginal branch of circumflex
Anterior Interventricular branch
Circumflex branch: Posterior wall of LV
Left marginal branch of circumflex- Lateral wall of LV
Anterior Interventricular branch- Anterior septum, anterior wall of LV, apex
