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mbbs cprs > CPRS 17: Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

CPRS 17: Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

In terms of the ICS

Where does the heart lie

A

2nd to 5th ICS

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2
Q

The apex of the heart lies at which line

And which ICS?

A

MCL

5th ICS

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3
Q

The left border of the heart is the left _______
The right border of the heart is the right _______

Left Upper border of heart: _____, 1cm from sternum
Left lower border of heart: _______, (Which line)
Right Upper border of heart: ______, 1cm from sternum
Right lower border of heart: _______, 1cm from sternum

A

The left border of the heart is the left ventricle
The right border of the heart is the right atrium

Left Upper border of heart: 2nd left CC, 1cm from sternum
Left lower border of heart: MCL 5th ICS
Right Upper border of heart: 3rd right CC, 1cm from sternum
Right lower border of heart: 6th right CC, 1cm from sternum

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4
Q

From the innermost layer of heart to the outermost

What are the layers?

A 
Endocardium
Myocardium
Subepicardial fat
Epicardium/ Visceral Pericardium
Pericardial cavity (with serous fluid)
Parietal Pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium
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5
Q

Consider endocardium, What type of epithelium?
Which layer contains the cardiac muscle and has extensive vasculature?
Which layer houses the coronary arteries?
Fibrous pericardium attaches to _____________ (x3)

A

Consider endocardium, What type of epithelium?
Simple Squamous

Which layer contains the cardiac muscle and has extensive vasculature?
Myocardium

Which layer houses the coronary arteries?
Epicardium

Fibrous pericardium attaches to:
endothoracic fascia,
diaphragm,
pleural membrane

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6
Q

Right heart is more_________
Left heart is more _________

Fill in with Anterior or Posterior

A

Right heart is more anterior

Left heart is more posterior

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7
Q

Where is the transverse sinus

What shape is the oblique sinus

A

Transverse: Right below the opening of aorta and pulmonary trunk
Oblique: Inverted J Shape

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8
Q

What structure connects the aorta and pulmonary trunk

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

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9
Q

Right atrium and Right Ventricle is divided externally by _______

A

Right atrium and Right Ventricle is divided externally by Coronary Sulcus

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10
Q

The anterior part of the right atrium is called ________, the muscles are ________ muscles.

The posterior part of the right atrium is called ___________, the muscles are ________.

What structure divides the two types of layers?

A

The anterior part of the right atrium is called Atrium Proper, the muscles are Pectinate muscles.

The posterior part of the right atrium is called Sinus Venarum, the muscles are smooth.

What structure divides the two types of layers? Crista Terminalis

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11
Q

Tricuspid Valve: Separate right atrium from right ventricle

There are 3 cusps, name them.

What are the cusps connected to? How about afterwards?

A

Tricuspid Valve: Separate right atrium from right ventricle

Anterior Cusp
Septal Cusp
Posterior Cusp

What are the cusps connected to? How about afterwards?
Chordae Tendineae
Papillary Muscle (Anterior, Septal, Posterior)

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12
Q

There are irregular bundles in inner surfaces of right ventricle, what are they called? Is this thing present in left ventricle as well?

What is the distinctive feature of the right ventricle?

A

There are irregular bundles in inner surfaces of right ventricle, what are they called?
Trabeculae Carneae
Also present in LV

What is the distinctive feature of the right ventricle?
Moderator Band

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13
Q

Why valve cusps have to be attached to chordae tendinae?

A

Prevent inversion or prolapse of valves

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14
Q

2 types of Valve disease
- Stenotic
- Incompetent
What are they respectively?

A

2 types of Valve disease

  • Stenotic: Valves become too narrow, cannot open fully
  • Incompetent: Valves unable to close completely
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15
Q

Heart Sounds
1st lub- Loudest at _____
Closure of _______ valves

2nd dub- Loudest at _____
Closure of ______ valves

A

Heart Sounds
1st lub- Loudest at apex
Closure of bicuspid/tricuspid valves

2nd dub- Loudest at base
Closure of semilunar valves

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16
Q

Where are the auscultation points of the following?

  • Bicuspid valve
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Aortic valve
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Erb’s point (Which is also the detection for Dub sound)
A

Where are the auscultation points of the following?

  • Bicuspid valve: 5th left ICS, MCL
  • Tricuspid valve: 5th left ICS, Sternum
  • Aortic valve: 2nd right ICS, Sternum
  • Pulmonary valve: 2nd left ICS, Sternum
  • Erb’s point: 3rd LEFT ICS, sternum
17
Q

What are the conduction system components of the heart, starting from SA node

A 
SA node
AV node
Bundle of His
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibres
Septomarginal Trabecula/ Moderator Band (RV only)
18
Q

In the diagram for cardiac skeleton
To distinguish the two semilunar valves
The more anterior one is the Pulmonary valve
The more posterior one is the Aortic Valve
Why

A

The right heart is more anterior than the left heart

19
Q

Left coronary artery is from left _______

Right coronary artery is from right _______

A

Left coronary artery is from left aortic sinus

Right coronary artery is from right aortic sinus

20
Q

3 Branches of the Right coronary artery

name them

A
  • Sinu-atrial nodal branch (to the back)
  • Marginal Branch (front down)
  • Posterior Interventricular Branch (front back)
21
Q

2 Branches and 2 additional branches of left coronary artery

Name them

A
  • Circumflex branch (to the back) + Left marginal branch of circumflex
  • Anterior interventricular branch (front) + Diagonal branch of anterior interventricular
22
Q

Which vein runs along with

Anterior Interventricular Branch

A

Anterior Interventricular Branch

Great cardiac vein (Anterior interventricular vein)

23
Q

Which vein runs along with

Left Marginal Branch of Circumflex

A

Left Marginal Branch of Circumflex

Posterior Cardiac Vein

24
Q

Which vein runs along with

Left Circumflex Branch

A

Left Circumflex Branch

Coronary Sinus

25
Q

Which vein runs along with

Marginal Branch of right CA

A

Marginal Branch of right CA

Small Cardiac Vein

26
Q

Which vein runs along with

Posterior Interventricular Branch of right CA

A

Posterior Interventricular Branch of right CA

Middle Cardiac Vein

27
Q

Which two coronary veins do not drain into the coronary sinus

A

Anterior cardiac vein

Smallest cardiac vein

28
Q

When there is blockage in coronary artery, it will lead to angina. Yet, there is pain from the shoulder region. Why?

A

There is chest pain
Pain is extended to the left shoulder region
The left shoulder is more represented by sensory neurons

29
Q

Supply of Blood to Various Regions of the Heart
Where do they supply to? (branches of the right coronary artery)
Sinu-nodal atrial branch
Right marginal branch
posterior interventricular branch

A

Sinu-nodal atrial branch- Right atrium, SA node, AV node
Right marginal branch- Right ventricle, Apex
Posterior interventricular branch: Right Ventricle, Left Ventricle and Posterior Septum

30
Q

Supply of Blood to Various Regions of the Heart
Where do they supply to? (branches of the left coronary artery)
Circumflex branch
Left marginal branch of circumflex
Anterior Interventricular branch

A

Circumflex branch: Posterior wall of LV
Left marginal branch of circumflex- Lateral wall of LV
Anterior Interventricular branch- Anterior septum, anterior wall of LV, apex

mbbs cprs (44 decks)

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