CPRS 39: Histology of Urinary System Flashcards
The renal corpuscle contains 2 components:
1.
2.
- Glomerulus
2. Bowman’s Capsule
Two types of nephrons, name them
- Short loop of Henle (80-85%)
- Long loop of Henle (15-20%)
Two types of nephrons, name them
- Short loop of Henle (80-85%)- Cortical Nephron
- Long loop of Henle (15-20%)- Juxtamedullary Nephron
Two types of nephrons, name them
- Cortical Nephron
- Juxtamedullary Nephron
Which one short and long Loop of Henle?
Which one more common?
Difference in the naming of the capillaries?
Two types of nephrons, name them
1. Cortical Nephron-
Short Loop of henle
Peritubular Capillaries
- Juxtamedullary Nephron-
Long loop of henle
Vasa Recta
Which one more common? Cortical
Blood flow in Nephrons, name the order
Starting from Aorta
Aorta R S I A I A G E P/V I A I R I
Note: There is no __________ vein
Blood flow in Nephrons, name the order
Starting from Aorta
Aorta Renal artery Segmental artery Interlobar artery Arcuate artery Interlobular artery Afferent arteriole Glomerulus Efferent arteriole Peritubular capillary/ Vasa Recta Interlobular Vein Arcuate Vein Interlobar Vein Renal Vein IVC
NO segmental vein
Flow of fluid within Kidney Tubules B P L D J C
Flow of fluid within Kidney Tubules Bowman's Capsule Proximal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule Junctional Tubule Collecting Duct
Consider Renal Corpuscle, for Ultrafiltration
- It is only located at the ______ but not ______
- Which type of capillaries does the Glomerulus contain?
- Compare the diameter of Afferent Arteriole and Efferent Arteriole, and state the reason
Consider Renal Corpuscle, for Ultrafiltration
- It is only located at the cortex but not medulla
- Which type of capillaries does the Glomerulus contain? Fenestrated Capillary
- Compare the diameter of Afferent Arteriole and Efferent Arteriole, and state the reason
Diameter Afferent > Efferent: Provide the increased blood pressure for ultrafiltration in glomerulus
Consider the Bowman’s Capsule
- What type of cells does the parietal layer contain?
- What type of cells does the visceral layer contain?
Consider the Bowman’s Capsule
- What type of cells does the parietal layer contain?
Simple Squamous Epithelial Cells
- What type of cells does the visceral layer contain?
Podocytes
Consider the podocytes
There are ________ which interdigitate with one another
There are also ______ slits
Consider the podocytes
There are pedicels which interdigitate with one another
There are also filtration slits
Flow of Ultrafiltrate
- Flows through the _________ between the endothelial cells in the ________
- Flows through the _____________ that are produced by both endothelial cells and podocytes
- Flow through __________ between ________
Flow of Ultrafiltrate
- Flows through the fenestrations between the endothelial cells in the glomerulus
- Flows through the Glomerular Basement Membrane that are produced by both endothelial cells and podocytes
- Flow through Filtration slits between Pedicels
Consider Proximal Convoluted Tubule
- Name the type of epithelial cell
- Are there dense microvilli/ sparse microvilli?
- Are there vacuoles? What are they for
Consider Proximal Convoluted Tubule
- Name the type of epithelial cell: Cuboidal
- Are there dense microvilli/ sparse microvilli: Dense
- Are there vacuoles? Yes, for secretion activities
Consider Loop of Henle
- Name the type of epithelial cell
- The epithelial cell _________ each other
- Descending limb is for reabsorption of ______
- Ascending limb is for reabsorption of _______
Consider Loop of Henle
- Name the type of epithelial cell: Simple Squamous
- The epithelial cell interlock each other
- Descending limb is for reabsorption of H2O
- Ascending limb is for reabsorption of salt
Consider Distal Convoluted Tubule
- Name the type of epithelial cell
- Are there dense microvilli/ sparse microvilli?
- Are there vacuoles? What are they for
- Are proximal or distal convoluted tubules shorter?
Consider Distal Convoluted Tubule
- Name the type of epithelial cell: Cuboidal
- Are there dense microvilli/ sparse microvilli: Sparse
- Are there vacuoles? Yes, for secretion
- Are proximal or distal convoluted tubules shorter? Distal
Consider Collecting Tubule
- Name the type of epithelial cell
- Name the 2 types of cell present there
Consider Collecting Tubule
- Name the type of epithelial cell: Cuboidal
- Name the 2 types of cell present there:
A. Principal Cell
B: Intercalated Cell
Consider some types of cells in the nephrons
- _______________: To stabilize glomerular endothelial cells
- _______________: Surround the external surface of the capillaries
Consider some types of cells in the nephrons
- Intraglomerular Mesangial Cells: To stabilize glomerular endothelial cells
- Podocytes: Surround the external surface of the capillaries
Consider the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Refer to the Diagram on CPRS 39
- Locate the macula densa cells, state 1 function
- Locate the Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells, state 1 function
- Located the JG cells, State 2 function
What type of cells are the JG cells
What type of cells are the Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells
Consider the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
Refer to the Diagram on CPRS 39
Locate the macula densa cells
- On the distal convoluted tubule (modified epithelial cells)
- Function: have chemoreceptors monitoring the Sodium and Chloride ion concentration
Locate the Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells
- Between the distal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus
- Function: Passing the signals between macula densa cells and JG cells
Located the JG cells - On the wall of afferent arteriole - Function: Have mechanoreceptors to detect BP To secrete renin when BP drops
What type of cells are the JG cells- Granular Cells
What type of cells are the Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells- Lacis Cells
Consider the Transitional Epithelium of the Urinary Bladder
- At which position does this type of epithelium start? _______ calyx
- What are the type of cells called at the top of the transitional epithelium, are they multi-nucleated?
- For the intermediate layer of cells, it is more _______ towards the base and more ________ towards the surface
- ______ cells sit on the basement membrane, they have _________ cells to regrow and regenerate
- When the bladder is contracted, the epithelium becomes ______ overall; When the bladder is distended, the epithelium becomes _____ overall
Consider the Transitional Epithelium of the Urinary Bladder
- At which position does this type of epithelium start? Minor calyx
- What are the type of cells called at the top of the transitional epithelium: Umbrella Cells, they are sometimes multi-nucleated
- For the intermediate layer of cells, it is more columnar towards the base and more cuboidal towards the surface
- Basal cells sit on the basement membrane, they have Stem cells to regrow and regenerate
- When the bladder is contracted, the epithelium becomes cuboidal overall; When the bladder is distended, the epithelium becomes squamous overall
Consider the Urinary Flow in Ureter
- Ureter is a hollow fibromuscular tube with peristaltic waves of _______________ contraction to force urine flow from pelvis to the urinary bladder
Consider the Urinary Flow in Ureter
- Ureter is a hollow fibromuscular tube with peristaltic waves of smooth muscle contraction to force urine flow from pelvis to the urinary bladder
Consider the Ureter, Name the 3 layers
Innermost: __________, have 2 components
- __________
- __________
intermediate: __________, have inner __________ muscle and outer _________ muscle. Their contraction forces the urine down the ureter.
Outermost: _________, which is a layer of ____________ tissue.
Consider the Ureter, Name the 3 layers
Innermost: Mucosa, have 2 components
- Urothelium
- Lamina propria
intermediate: Muscularis, have inner longitudinal muscle and outer circular muscle. Their contraction forces the urine down the ureter.
Outermost: Adventitia, which is a layer of loose connective tissue.
Consider the urinary bladder, Name the 3 layers
Innermost: __________, have 2 components
- __________ epithelium
- __________
intermediate: __________, have muscles arranged ___________, _________ and _________.
Outermost: _________, or serosa of peritoneum.
Consider the Urinary Bladder, Name the 3 layers
Innermost: Mucosa, have 2 components
- Transitional Epithelium
- Lamina propria
Intermediate: Muscularis, have muscles arranged circularly, transversely and longitudinally.
Outermost: Adventitia, or serosa of peritoneum.
Consider histology:
Which type artery/ vein are located between the border between the cortex and medulla?
The Proximal Tubule is ______ stained
The distal tubule is _______ stained
Fill in with darkly or lightly
Which type of duct has a lightly stained, ‘cylindrical’ in appearance
Arcuate artery/ Arcuate vein
The Proximal Tubule is darkly stained
The distal tubule is lightly stained
Which type of duct has a lightly stained, ‘cylindrical’ in appearance- Collecting Duct
Consider the Penis
- What encloses the urethra
- What encloses the deep penile artery
- What is the function of the deep penile artery
Consider the Penis
- What encloses the urethra: Corpus spongiosum
- What encloses the deep penile artery: Corpus cavernosum
- What is the function of the deep penile artery: Artery filled with blood during erection
