Course Guide Chapter 9: Respiration Flashcards
Where does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm
Where does acetyl CoA formation occur?
mitochondria
Where does Krebs cycle occur?
mitochondrial matrix
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?
inner membrane of mitochondria
What is the first step of oxidative phosphorylation?
NADH or FADH2 electron carriers transfer the electrons stripped from food molecules
After NADH or FADH2 electron carriers transfer the electrons stripped from food molecules, what is the last step of oxidative phosphorylation?
These electrons are then transferred through the electron transport chain and then finally accepted by O2
What happens in the respiration electron transport chain?
During this electron transfer process, H+’s are pumped from the matrix into the intermembrane space of mitochondria generating a [H+] gradient. In addition, the concentration of positive charges in the intermembrane space and negative charges in the matrix results in electrochemical gradient.
What is the first step of glycolysis?
Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase
After Glucose is phosphorylated by hexokinase, what is the next step of glycolysis?
Glucose 6-phosphate is converted into fructose 6-phosphate
After Glucose 6-phosphate is converted into fructose 6-phosphate, what is the next step of glycolysis?
phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase
After phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate by phosphofructokinase, what is the next step of glycolysis?
fructose 1,6-biphosphate is split into dihydroxyacetonephosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
After fructose 1,6-biphosphate is split into dihydroxyacetonephosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, what is the next step of glycolysis?
reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetonephosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
After reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetonephosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, what is the next step of glycolysis?
oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and phosphorylation to generate 1,3-biphosphoglycerate
After oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and phosphorylation to generate 1,3-biphosphoglycerate, what is the next step of glycolysis?
first ATP synthesis by transferring high energy phosphate group from 1,3 BPG to ADP (substrate level phosphorylation)
After first ATP synthesis by transferring high energy phosphate group from 1,3 BPG to ADP (substrate level phosphorylation), what is the next step of glycolysis?
The phosphate group of 3-phosphoglycerate is transferred from 3rd C to 2nd C to generate 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglyceromutase
After The phosphate group of 3-phosphoglycerate is transferred from 3rd C to 2nd C to generate 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglyceromutase, what is the next step of glycolysis?
removal of H2O from 2-PGA to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
After removal of H2O from 2-PGA to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), what is the last step of glycolysis?
second ATP synthesis. The phosphate from PEP is transferred to ADP (second substrate level phosphorylation) to generate two more ATPs
What are the inputs of glycolysis?
Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2Pi
What are the outputs of glycolysis?
Pyruvate + NADH + H+ + ATP (net)
What are the inputs of acetyl CoA formation?
pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA
What are the outputs of acetyl CoA formation?
Acetyl CoA + NADH
What is the first step of the Krebs cycle?
the first commited step performed by citrate synthase in which acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate combine to form citrate, CoA, and H
After the first commited step performed by citrate synthase in which acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate combine to form citrate, CoA, and H, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?
isomerization of citrate
After isomerization of citrate, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?
oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase into a-ketoglutarate
After oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate by isocitrate dehydrogenase into a-ketoglutarate, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?
a-ketoglutarate and CoA are turned into succinyl CoA by NAD+
After a-ketoglutarate and CoA are turned into succinyl CoA by NAD+, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?
substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP to generate an ATP by transferring the phosphate from GTP to ADP
After substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP to generate an ATP by transferring the phosphate from GTP to ADP, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?
another set of electrons are transferred to FAD for later use in oxidative phosphorylation
After another set of electrons are transferred to FAD for later use in oxidative phosphorylation, what is the next step of the Krebs cycle?
preparation to extract more electrons to reduce NAD+
After preparation to extract more electrons to reduce NAD+, what is the last step of the Krebs cycle?
Malate and NAD+ are turned into oxaloacetate and NADH
What are the inputs of the Krebs cycle?
Acetyl CoA + NAD+ + FAD + ADP + Pi + H2O
What are the outputs of the Krebs cycle?
CO2 + NADH + H+ + FADH2 + ATP + CoA
What are the inputs of oxidative phosphorylation?
NADH, FADH2, ADP, Pi, O2
What are the outputs of oxidative phosphorylation?
NAD+, FAD, ATP and H2O
What are the inputs of alcohol fermentation?
Glucose + ADP + Pi
What are the outputs of alcohol fermentation?
Ethanol + CO2 + ATP
What are the inputs of lactate fermentation?
Glucose + ADP + Pi
What are the outputs of lactate fermentation?
Lactate + ATP
