Chapter 1.2: The Nature of Science

Question 1

Define deductive reasoning

Answer 1

 Deductive reasoning- the logical application of general principles to predict a specific result. In science, deductive reasoning is used to test the validity of general ideas

Question 2

Define inductive reasoning

Answer 2

 Inductive reasoning- the logical application of specific observations to make a generalization. In science, inductive reasoning is used to formulate testable hypotheses

Question 3

Define experiment

Answer 3

 Experiment- a test of one or more hypotheses. Hypotheses make contrasting predictions that can be tested experimentally in control and test experiments where a single variable is altered

Question 4

Define variable

Answer 4

 Variable- a factor that influences a process, outcome, or observation. In experiments, scientists attempt to isolate variables to test hypotheses.

Question 5

What is the logical application of general principles to predict a specific result. In science, this is used to test the validity of general ideas?

Answer 5

deductive reasoning

Question 6

What is the logical application of specific observations to make a generalization. In science, this is used to formulate testable hypotheses?

Answer 6

inductive reasoning

Question 7

What is a test of one or more hypotheses?

Answer 7

experiment

Question 8

What is a factor that influences a process, outcome, or observation?

Answer 8

variable