Course Guide Chapter 3: Biological Molecules Flashcards
Define dehydration/condensation synthesis
the joining of two monomers to form a dimer by the removal of an -H and -OH group, which form a water molecule
Define hydrolysis
the break down of dimers, trimers, or polymers into monomers by adding an -H and an -OH group derived from the splitting of a water molecule
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
monosaccharide
What is the monomer for lipids?
fatty acids
What is the monomer for protein?
amino acids
What is the monomer for nucleic acids?
nucleotides
What are the 3 types of lipids?
phospholipids, carotenoids, and steroids
What is the function of phospholipids?
they are major components of lipid bilayers which separate different parts of cells and maintain the compartments of membrane-bound structures
What is the function of carotenoids?
color pigments used for photosynthesis in plants and for vitamin-A synthesis in animals
What type of bond stabilizes the primary structure of a protein?
peptide bonds
What type of bond stabilizes the secondary structure of a protein?
H-bonding between the -C=O group of one amino acids and the -NH group of another along the polypeptide backbone
What type of bond stabilizes the tertiary structure of a protein?
irregular bonding between the side chains of various amino acids within a protein including hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, ionic bonding, and covalent disulfide bond
What type of bond stabilizes the quaternary structure of a protein?
combination of ionic bonding, H-bonding, hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bridges
Define nucleoside
nitrogenous base + ribose sugar
Define nucleotide
nitrogenous base + ribose sugar + phosphate
