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BIO 301 > Chapter 12.2: Monohybrid Crosses: The Principle of Segregation > Flashcards

Chapter 12.2: Monohybrid Crosses: The Principle of Segregation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a monohybrid cross?

A

• A monohybrid cross is a cross that follows only two variations on a single trait

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2
Q

Define first filial (F1) generation

A

the offspring resulting from a cross between a parental generation (P); in experimental crosses, these parents usually have different phenotypes

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3
Q

What is the offspring resulting from a cross between a parental generation (P); in experimental crosses, these parents usually have different phenotypes?

A

first filial (F1) generation

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4
Q

Define dominant allele

A

an allele that is expressed when present in either the heterozygous or the homozygous condition?

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5
Q

What is an allele that is expressed when present in either the heterozygous or the homozygous condition?

A

dominant allele

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6
Q

Define recessive allele

A

an allele that is only expressed when present in the homozygous condition, but being “hidden” by the expression of a dominant allele in the heterozygous condition

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7
Q

What is an allele that is only expressed when present in the homozygous condition, but being “hidden” by the expression of a dominant allele in the heterozygous condition?

A

recessive allele

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8
Q

Define Mendelian Ratio

A

the characteristic dominant-to-recessive phenotypic ratios that Mendel observed in his genetic experiments

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9
Q

What is the characteristic dominant-to-recessive phenotypic ratios that Mendel observed in his genetic experiments?

A

Mendelian Ratio

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10
Q

Define allele

A

one of two or more alternative states of a gene

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11
Q

What is one of two or more alternative states of a gene?

A

allele

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12
Q

Define homozygous

A

having two identical alleles of the same gene

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13
Q

What is having two identical alleles of the same gene?

A

homozygous

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14
Q

Define heterozygous

A

having two different alleles of the same gene

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15
Q

What is having two different alleles of the same gene?

A

heterozygous

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16
Q

Define genotype

A

the genetic constitution underlying a single trait or set of traits

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17
Q

What is the genetic constitution underlying a single trait or set of traits?

A

genotype

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18
Q

Define phenotype

A

the realized expression of the genotype; the physical appearance or functional expression of a trait

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19
Q

What is the realized expression of the genotype; the physical appearance or functional expression of a trait?

A

phenotype

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20
Q

What does the Principle of Segregation state?

A

The two alleles for a gene segregate during gamete formation and are rejoined at random, one from each parent during fertilization

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21
Q

Define punnet square

A

a diagrammatic way of showing the possible genotypes and phenotypes of genetic crosses

22
Q

What is a diagrammatic way of showing the possible genotypes and phenotypes of genetic crosses?

A

punnet square

23
Q

Define pedigree

A

a consistent graphic representation of matings and offspring over multiple generations for a particular genetic trait

24
Q

What is a consistent graphic representation of matings and offspring over multiple generations for a particular genetic trait?

A

pedigree

25
Q

Is albinism a dominant or recessive trait?

A

recessive

26
Q

Is Alkaptonuria a dominant or recessive trait?

A

recessive

27
Q

Is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy a dominant or recessive trait?

A

recessive

28
Q

Is Hemophilia a dominant or recessive trait?

A

recessive

29
Q

Is Sickle Cell Anemia a dominant or recessive trait?

A

recessive

30
Q

Is Middigital Hair a dominant or recessive trait?

A

dominant

31
Q

Is Brachydactyly a dominant or recessive trait?

A

dominant

32
Q

Is Huntington Disease a dominant or recessive trait?

A

dominant

33
Q

Is Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) sensitivity a dominant or recessive trait?

A

dominant

34
Q

Is Camptodactyly a dominant or recessive trait?

A

dominant

35
Q

Is Hypercholesterolemia a dominant or recessive trait?

A

dominant

36
Q

Is Polydactyly a dominant or recessive trait?

A

dominant

37
Q

Is Red-green color blindness a dominant or recessive trait?

A

recessive

38
Q

What is the phenotype for albinism?

A

Lack of melanin pigmentation

39
Q

What is the phenotype for Middigital Hair?

A

Presence of hair on middle segment of fingers

40
Q

What is the phenotype for Alkaptonuria?

A

Inability to metabolize homogentisic acid

41
Q

What is the phenotype for Brachydactyly?

A

Short fingers

42
Q

What is the phenotype for Red-green color blindness?

A

Inability to distinguish red or green wavelengths of light

43
Q

What is the phenotype for Huntington Disease?

A

Degeneration of nervous system, starting in middle age

44
Q

What is the phenotype for Cystic Fibrosis?

A

Abnormal gland secretion, leading to liver degeneration and lung failure

45
Q

What is the phenotype for Phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) sensitivity?

A

Ability to taste PTC as bitter

46
Q

What is the phenotype for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

A

Wasting away of muscles during childhood

47
Q

What is the phenotype for Camptodactyly?

A

Inability to straighten the little finger

48
Q

What is the phenotype for Hemophilia?

A

Inability of blood to clot properly, some clots form but the process is delayed

49
Q

What is the phenotype for Hypercholesterolemia ?

A

Elevated levels of blood cholesterol and risk of heart attack

50
Q

What is the phenotype for Sickle Cell Anemia?

A

Defective hemoglobin that causes red blood cells to curve and stick together

51
Q

What is the phenotype for Polydactyly?

A

Extra fingers and toes

BIO 301 (70 decks)

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